客户端负载均衡器
在SpringCloud中Ribbon负载均衡客户端,会从eureka注册中心服务器端上获取服务注册信息列表,缓存到本地。
让后在本地实现轮训负载均衡策略。
Ribbon与Nginx区别
1.服务器端负载均衡Nginx
nginx是客户端所有请求统一交给nginx,由nginx进行实现负载均衡请求转发,属于服务器端负载均衡。
既请求有nginx服务器端进行转发。
2.客户端负载均衡Ribbon
Ribbon是从eureka注册中心服务器端上获取服务注册信息列表,缓存到本地,让后在本地实现轮训负载均衡策略。
既在客户端实现负载均衡。
应用场景的区别:
Nginx适合于服务器端实现负载均衡 比如Tomcat ,Ribbon适合与在微服务中RPC远程调用实现本地服务负载均衡,比如Dubbo、SpringCloud中都是采用本地负载均衡。
Ribbon是Spring Cloud (本地)客户端负载均衡器
Ribbon底层实现:
Member:
pom:
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.toov5</groupId>
<artifactId>member</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!-- 管理依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.M7</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 注意: 这里必须要添加, 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
yml:
###服务启动端口号
server:
port: 8009
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)
spring:
application:
name: app-toov5-member
###服务注册到eureka地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
##当前会员注册到eureka服务 地址+端口号
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka
###因为该应用为注册中心,不会注册自己
register-with-eureka: true
###是否需要从eureka上获取注册信息
fetch-registry: true
Controller类
package com.toov5.api.controller; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; @RestController public class MemberApiController { @Value("${server.port}") private String serverPort; @RequestMapping("/getMember") public String getMember() { return "会员服务"+serverPort; } }
启动类:
package com.toov5.api; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient //注册到eureka public class AppMember { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppMember.class, args); } }
Order
Controlller
package com.toov5.api.controller; import java.util.List; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.cloud.client.ServiceInstance; import org.springframework.cloud.client.discovery.DiscoveryClient; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; //纯手写Ribbon本地负载均衡 @RestController public class ExtRibbonController { @Autowired private DiscoveryClient discoveryClient; @Autowired private RestTemplate restTemplate; //定义请求数 private int reqCount; @RequestMapping("/ribbonMember") public String ribbonMember() { //互殴去对应服务器远程调用地址 String instanceUrl = getInstance()+"/getMember"; System.out.println("instanceUrl"+instanceUrl); //直接使用httpclient远程调用。本次使用rest方式 String result = restTemplate.getForObject(instanceUrl, String.class); //底层使用httpclient实现的 return result; } private String getInstance() { List<ServiceInstance> instances = discoveryClient.getInstances("app-toov5-member"); if (instances==null || instances.size()==0) { return null; } int instanceSize = instances.size(); int serviceIndex = reqCount%instanceSize; reqCount++; return instances.get(serviceIndex).getUri().toString(); } }
启动类:
package com.toov5.api.controller; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.EnableEurekaClient; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.web.client.RestTemplate; @SpringBootApplication @EnableEurekaClient public class AppOrder { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppOrder.class, args); } //解决RestTemplate找不到问题 把restTemplate注册到Spring Boot容器中 @Bean // @LoadBalanced 手写的 不要去实现本地负载均衡效果了 RestTemplate restTemplate() { return new RestTemplate(); } }
yml:
###服务启动端口号
server:
port: 8002
###服务名称(服务注册到eureka名称)
spring:
application:
name: app-toov5-order
###服务注册到eureka地址
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://127.0.0.1:8100/eureka
###因为该应用为注册中心,不会注册自己
register-with-eureka: true
###是否需要从eureka上获取注册信息
fetch-registry: true
pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.toov5</groupId>
<artifactId>order</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!-- 管理依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.M7</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!-- SpringBoot整合Web组件 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<!-- SpringBoot整合eureka客户端 -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-client</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 注意: 这里必须要添加, 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
Eureka
pom
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.toov5</groupId>
<artifactId>SpringCloud-eureka-server</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<parent>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
<version>2.0.1.RELEASE</version>
</parent>
<!-- 管理依赖 -->
<dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-dependencies</artifactId>
<version>Finchley.M7</version>
<type>pom</type>
<scope>import</scope>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</dependencyManagement>
<dependencies>
<!--SpringCloud eureka-server -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-server</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
<!-- 注意: 这里必须要添加, 否者各种依赖有问题 -->
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>spring-milestones</id>
<name>Spring Milestones</name>
<url>https://repo.spring.io/libs-milestone</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
</project>
yml
###eureka 服务端口号
server:
port: 8100
###服务注册名称
eureka:
instance:
##注册中心ip地址
hostname: 127.0.0.1
###客户端调用地址
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
###因为该应用为注册中心,不会注册自己 (集群设为true)
register-with-eureka: false
###因为自己为注册中心 ,不会去在该应用中的检测服务
fetch-registry: false
package com.toov5; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.cloud.netflix.eureka.server.EnableEurekaServer; @EnableEurekaServer //开启注册中心 @SpringBootApplication public class AppEureka { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(AppEureka.class, args); } }
启动访问: