一tar工具的介绍
Tar（Tape ARchive，磁带归档的缩写）
NAME
tar - manual page for tar 1.26 SYNOPSIS tar [OPTION...] [FILE]... DESCRIPTION GNU `tar' saves many files together into a single tape or disk archive, and can restore indi‐ vidual files from the archive. Note that this manual page contains just very brief description (or more like a list of possi‐ ble functionality) originally generated by the help2man utility. The full documentation for tar is maintained as a Texinfo manual. If the info and tar programs are properly installed at your site, the command `info tar' should give you access to the complete manual
二tar工具的使用
tar [OPTION]...
(1) 创建归档
tar -c -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar FILE...
(2) 追加文件至归档
注：不支持对压缩文件追加
tar -r -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar FILE...
(3) 查看归档文件中的文件列表
tar -t -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar
(4) 展开归档
tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar
tar -x -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar -C /PATH/
(5) 结合压缩工具实现：归档并压缩
-j: bzip2, -z: gzip, -J: xz
（一）对文件进行打包，并且显示过程
-c表示创建打包文件，和压缩工具一样，要指明对应的后缀
-f表示打包到哪个文件里面
对整个目录进行打包
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -cvf /app/sysconfig.tar /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
/etc/sysconfig/
/etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config /etc/sysconfig/cbq/ /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example /etc/sysconfig/rdisc /etc/sysconfig/console/ /etc/sysconfig/init /etc/sysconfig/modules/ /etc/sysconfig/netconsole /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ppp /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-routes /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-sit /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-tunnel /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-wireless /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/init.ipv6-global /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/network-functions-ipv6 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-Team /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-TeamPort /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-Team /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-TeamPort /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens37 /etc/sysconfig/readonly-root /etc/sysconfig/crond /etc/sysconfig/run-parts /etc/sysconfig/selinux /etc/sysconfig/wpa_supplicant /etc/sysconfig/ebtables-config /etc/sysconfig/grub /etc/sysconfig/irqbalance /etc/sysconfig/man-db /etc/sysconfig/rsyslog /etc/sysconfig/firewalld /etc/sysconfig/kdump /etc/sysconfig/sshd /etc/sysconfig/authconfig /etc/sysconfig/cpupower /etc/sysconfig/kernel /etc/sysconfig/network /etc/sysconfig/anaconda /etc/sysconfig/chronyd /etc/sysconfig/ntpdate /etc/sysconfig/ntpd /etc/sysconfig/keepalived /etc/sysconfig/ipvsadm-config /etc/sysconfig/nginx /etc/sysconfig/nginx-debug /etc/sysconfig/htcacheclean /etc/sysconfig/httpd
打包的文件变小了，但是实际上没有压缩
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/sysconfig.tar -l
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235520 May 3 10:10 /app/sysconfig.tar [root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/sysconfig.tar -lh -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 230K May 3 10:10 /app/sysconfig.tar [root@centos72 ~]# du -sh /etc/sysconfig/ 368K /etc/sysconfig/
（二）对文件进行打包并且压缩
结合压缩工具实现：归档并压缩 -j: bzip2, -z: gzip, -J: xz
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -zcf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz /etc/sysconfig/
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -Jcf /app/sysconfig.tar.xz /etc/sysconfig/ tar: Removing leading `/' from member names [root@centos72 ~]# tar -jcf /app/sysconfig.tar.bz2 /etc/sysconfig/ tar: Removing leading `/' from member names
[root@centos72 ~]# ls /app/ -lt
total 4272
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 38103 May 3 10:27 sysconfig.tar.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 37988 May 3 10:22 sysconfig.tar.xz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 47000 May 3 10:22 sysconfig.tar.gz -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 235520 May 3 10:10 sysconfig.tar ----rwx--- 1 root root 15 May 2 23:42 aa.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 832545 May 2 23:37 messages -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 108052 May 2 23:28 messages.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 80145 May 2 23:24 sysconfig.zip -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 23:00 m1 -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 22:59 m.gz.txt -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 22:46 mmm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 831851 May 2 17:58 mm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 49513 May 2 17:58 mm.bz2 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 197701 May 2 17:55 m.z -rw------- 1 root root 106019 May 2 17:31 m.gz
上面提示tar: Removing leading `/' from member names无关紧要的，如果你显示，那么就在f前面加上P即可
参考文档：https://blog.51cto.com/13447608/2105102
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -jcPf /app/sysconfig.tar.bz2 /etc/sysconfig/
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -JcPf /app/sysconfig.tar.xz /etc/sysconfig/ [root@centos72 ~]# tar -zcPf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz /etc/sysconfig/
（三）查看归档文件中的文件列表
tar -t -f /PATH/TO/SOMEFILE.tar
压缩与否都有效
[root@centos72 ~]# tar -tvf /app/sysconfig.tar.gz
tar: Removing leading `/' from member names drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:46 /etc/sysconfig/ -rw------- root/root 2393 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/ip6tables-config -rw------- root/root 2374 2018-11-05 01:03 /etc/sysconfig/iptables-config drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-01-13 00:15 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 11 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt -rw-r--r-- root/root 79 2018-04-11 16:08 /etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example -rw-r--r-- root/root 15 2017-08-04 16:01 /etc/sysconfig/rdisc drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/console/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 798 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/init drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/modules/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 634 2018-10-31 06:57 /etc/sysconfig/netconsole drwxr-xr-x root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ -rw-r--r-- root/root 254 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-lo lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifdown -rwxr-xr-x root/root 654 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-bnep -rwxr-xr-x root/root 6532 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-eth -rwxr-xr-x root/root 781 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ippp -rwxr-xr-x root/root 4540 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ipv6 lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-isdn -> ifdown-ippp -rwxr-xr-x root/root 2130 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-post -rwxr-xr-x root/root 1068 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-ppp -rwxr-xr-x root/root 870 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-routes -rwxr-xr-x root/root 1456 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-sit -rwxr-xr-x root/root 1462 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifdown-tunnel lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup -> ../../../usr/sbin/ifup -rwxr-xr-x root/root 12415 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-aliases -rwxr-xr-x root/root 910 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-bnep -rwxr-xr-x root/root 13475 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth -rwxr-xr-x root/root 12075 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ippp -rwxr-xr-x root/root 11893 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-ipv6 lrwxrwxrwx root/root 0 2019-05-02 14:45 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-isdn -> ifup-ippp -rwxr-xr-x root/root 650 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plip -rwxr-xr-x root/root 1064 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-plusb -rwxr-xr-x root/root 4997 2018-08-24 18:23 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-post -rwxr-xr-x root/root 4154 2018-08-24