去哪里修改mysql字符集_各种修改Mysql字符集

以下方法最好在没有数据时操作,否则有可能导致乱码。如果已有数据,做好备份尝试

创建测试环境

mysql> create database test_db;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> use test_db;

Database changed

mysql> create table test_table(id int,name varchar(20));

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

mysql> insert into test_table values(1,"zhangsan");

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

(1).查看字符集

1)查看Mysql客户端、Mysql服务器和Mysql数据库的默认字符集

mysql> show VARIABLES like 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |    //客户端使用的编码

| character_set_connection | utf8 |    //连接时使用的编码

| character_set_database | latin1 |    //数据库使用的编码

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |    //结果集使用的编码

| character_set_server | latin1 |    //服务器使用的编码

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

还可以show variables like 'collation%';

mysql> show variables like 'collation%';

+----------------------+-------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+----------------------+-------------------+

| collation_connection | utf8_general_ci |

| collation_database | latin1_swedish_ci |

| collation_server | latin1_swedish_ci |

+----------------------+-------------------+

3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2)查看Mysql支持的字符集

mysql> show charset;

+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| Charset | Description | Default collation | Maxlen |

+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+

| big5 | Big5 Traditional Chinese | big5_chinese_ci | 2 |

| dec8 | DEC West European | dec8_swedish_ci | 1 |

| cp850 | DOS West European | cp850_general_ci | 1 |

| hp8 | HP West European | hp8_english_ci | 1 |

| koi8r | KOI8-R Relcom Russian | koi8r_general_ci | 1 |

| latin1 | cp1252 West European | latin1_swedish_ci | 1 |

| latin2 | ISO 8859-2 Central European | latin2_general_ci | 1 |

| swe7 | 7bit Swedish | swe7_swedish_ci | 1 |

| ascii | US ASCII | ascii_general_ci | 1 |

| ujis | EUC-JP Japanese | ujis_japanese_ci | 3 |

| sjis | Shift-JIS Japanese | sjis_japanese_ci | 2 |

| hebrew | ISO 8859-8 Hebrew | hebrew_general_ci | 1 |

| tis620 | TIS620 Thai | tis620_thai_ci | 1 |

| euckr | EUC-KR Korean | euckr_korean_ci | 2 |

| koi8u | KOI8-U Ukrainian | koi8u_general_ci | 1 |

| gb2312 | GB2312 Simplified Chinese | gb2312_chinese_ci | 2 |

| greek | ISO 8859-7 Greek | greek_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1250 | Windows Central European | cp1250_general_ci | 1 |

| gbk | GBK Simplified Chinese | gbk_chinese_ci | 2 |

| latin5 | ISO 8859-9 Turkish | latin5_turkish_ci | 1 |

| armscii8 | ARMSCII-8 Armenian | armscii8_general_ci | 1 |

| utf8 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8_general_ci | 3 |

| ucs2 | UCS-2 Unicode | ucs2_general_ci | 2 |

| cp866 | DOS Russian | cp866_general_ci | 1 |

| keybcs2 | DOS Kamenicky Czech-Slovak | keybcs2_general_ci | 1 |

| macce | Mac Central European | macce_general_ci | 1 |

| macroman | Mac West European | macroman_general_ci | 1 |

| cp852 | DOS Central European | cp852_general_ci | 1 |

| latin7 | ISO 8859-13 Baltic | latin7_general_ci | 1 |

| utf8mb4 | UTF-8 Unicode | utf8mb4_general_ci | 4 |

| cp1251 | Windows Cyrillic | cp1251_general_ci | 1 |

| utf16 | UTF-16 Unicode | utf16_general_ci | 4 |

| utf16le | UTF-16LE Unicode | utf16le_general_ci | 4 |

| cp1256 | Windows Arabic | cp1256_general_ci | 1 |

| cp1257 | Windows Baltic | cp1257_general_ci | 1 |

| utf32 | UTF-32 Unicode | utf32_general_ci | 4 |

| binary | Binary pseudo charset | binary | 1 |

| geostd8 | GEOSTD8 Georgian | geostd8_general_ci | 1 |

| cp932 | SJIS for Windows Japanese | cp932_japanese_ci | 2 |

| eucjpms | UJIS for Windows Japanese | eucjpms_japanese_ci | 3 |

| gb18030 | China National Standard GB18030 | gb18030_chinese_ci | 4 |

+----------+---------------------------------+---------------------+--------+

41 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3)查看已存在的数据库的字符集

show create database [数据库名];

mysql> show create database test_db;

+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database |

+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test_db | CREATE DATABASE `test_db` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |

+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4)查看已存在的数据表的字符集

show table status from [数据库名] like '[表名]';

mysql> show table status from test_db like 'test_table';

+------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------------+----------+----------------+---------+

| Name | Engine | Version | Row_format | Rows | Avg_row_length | Data_length | Max_data_length | Index_length | Data_free | Auto_increment | Create_time | Update_time | Check_time | Collation | Checksum | Create_options | Comment |

+------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------------+----------+----------------+---------+

| test_table | InnoDB | 10 | Dynamic | 1 | 16384 | 16384 | 0 | 0 | 0 | NULL | 2019-06-04 09:55:25 | 2019-06-04 09:55:35 | NULL | latin1_swedish_ci | NULL | | |

+------------+--------+---------+------------+------+----------------+-------------+-----------------+--------------+-----------+----------------+---------------------+---------------------+------------+-------------------+----------+----------------+---------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

还可以使用show create table [数据库名].[表名];

mysql> show create table test_db.test_table;

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test_table | CREATE TABLE `test_table` (

`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

5)查看已存在的数据表中列的字符集

show full columns from [数据库名].[表名];

mysql> show full columns from test_db.test_table;

+-------+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |

+-------+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| id | int(11) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

| name | varchar(20) | latin1_swedish_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

+-------+-------------+-------------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2).修改字符集

1)修改默认字符集

临时修改,set [参数名]=[编码];

//建立连接使用的编码

set character_set_connection=utf8;

//数据库的编码

set character_set_database=utf8;

//结果集的编码

set character_set_results=utf8;

//Mysql服务器的编码

set character_set_server=utf8;

set character_set_system=utf8;

set collation_connection=utf8;

set collation_database=utf8;

set collation_server=utf8;

永久修改,修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf,在[mysqld]模块内添加一行[参数名]=[编码],然后重启mysqld服务。另外如果在配置文件找那个设置character_set_server=utf8,那么数据库默认字符集也会变为utf8。

mysql> show VARIABLES like 'character%';

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| Variable_name | Value |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

| character_set_client | utf8 |

| character_set_connection | utf8 |

| character_set_database | utf8 |

| character_set_filesystem | binary |

| character_set_results | utf8 |

| character_set_server | utf8 |

| character_set_system | utf8 |

| character_sets_dir | /usr/share/mysql/charsets/ |

+--------------------------+----------------------------+

8 rows in set (0.01 sec)

2)修改已存在的数据库的字符集

alter database [数据库名] default character set [字符集];

mysql> show create database test_db;

+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database |

+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test_db | CREATE DATABASE `test_db` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET latin1 */ |

+----------+--------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter database test_db default character set utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)

mysql> show create database test_db;

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Database | Create Database |

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test_db | CREATE DATABASE `test_db` /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET utf8 */ |

+----------+------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

3)修改已存在的数据表字符集

alter table [数据库名].[表名] convert to character set [字符集];

mysql> show create table test_db.test_table;

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test_table | CREATE TABLE `test_table` (

`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |

+------------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> alter table test_db.test_table convert to character set utf8;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.06 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show create table test_db.test_table;

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| Table | Create Table |

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

| test_table | CREATE TABLE `test_table` (

`id` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,

`name` varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL

) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 |

+------------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+

1 row in set (0.00 sec)

4)修改列的字符集

alter table [数据库名].[表名] modify [字段名] [字段属性] character set [字符集];

mysql> show full columns from test_db.test_table;

+-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |

+-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| id | int(11) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

| name | varchar(20) | utf8_general_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

+-------+-------------+-----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> alter table test_db.test_table modify name varchar(20) character set gbk;

Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)

Records: 1 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0

mysql> show full columns from test_db.test_table;

+-------+-------------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| Field | Type | Collation | Null | Key | Default | Extra | Privileges | Comment |

+-------+-------------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

| id | int(11) | NULL | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

| name | varchar(20) | gbk_chinese_ci | YES | | NULL | | select,insert,update,references | |

+-------+-------------+----------------+------+-----+---------+-------+---------------------------------+---------+

2 rows in set (0.01 sec)

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