oracle中有decode函数,如下:
select sum(decode(sex,'男',0,1)) 男生数 from school;
统计男生数目,含义为:decode()中sex字段为男时,用1代替,然后计算总和
而mysql中没有该函数,替代的有case与if函数。
case函数
同样统计男女生人数,语句如下:
SELECT school,COUNT(school) 人数,
SUM(CASE
WHEN sex='男'THEN 1
ELSE 0
END)
男生数,
SUM(CASE
WHEN sex='女'THEN 1
ELSE 0
END)
女生数
FROM sch
GROUP BY sex,school
CASE 可能是 SQL 中被误用最多的关键字之一。虽然你可能以前用过这个关键字来创建字段,但是它还具有更多用法。例如,你可以在 WHERE 子句中使用CASE。
首先让我们看一下 CASE 的语法。在一般的 SELECT 中,其语法如下:
SELECT <myColumnSpec> =
CASE
WHEN <A> THEN <somethingA>
WHEN <B> THEN <somethingB>
ELSE <somethingE>
END
在上面的代码中需要用具体的参数代替尖括号中的内容。下面是一个简单的例子:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
Title,
'Price Range' =
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END
FROM titles
ORDER BY price
GO
这是 CASE 的典型用法,但是使用 CASE 其实可以做更多的事情。比方说下面的 GROUP BY 子句中的 CASE:
SELECT 'Number of Titles', Count(*)
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END
GO
你甚至还可以组合这些选项,添加一个 ORDER BY 子句,如下所示:
USE pubs
GO
SELECT
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END AS Range,
Title
FROM titles
GROUP BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END,
Title
ORDER BY
CASE
WHEN price IS NULL THEN 'Unpriced'
WHEN price < 10 THEN 'Bargain'
WHEN price BETWEEN 10 and 20 THEN 'Average'
ELSE 'Gift to impress relatives'
END,
Title
GO
注意,为了在 GROUP BY 块中使用 CASE,查询语句需要在 GROUP BY 块中重复 SELECT 块中的 CASE 块。
if语句
同样统计男女生人数,语句如下:
SELECT school,COUNT(school) 人数,SUM(IF(sex='男',1,0)) 男生数,SUM(IF(sex='女',1,0)) 女生数,
SUM(IF(pass=1,1,0)) pass1,SUM(IF(pass=0,1,0)) pass0,
SUM(IF(state=1,1,0)) state1,SUM(IF(state=0,1,0)) state0
FROM sch
GROUP BY sex,school
语法和decode类似。
参见曹欢欢的博客:http://home.ustc.edu.cn/~chh1990/chero/blog/blog.html