Java Socket 入门

• 什么是Socket?

　　　　API说：他是套接字，两台机器连接的端点。他的实际工作由SocketIml执行。

           没图说个**,下面用个图能说明Socket，在哪个位置:

           

• 相关源码：

　　 1.Socket:

 　　属性：SocketImpl impl，socket的实现，就是API说的，实际工作由它执行。

public
class Socket implements java.io.Closeable {
    /**
     * Various states of this socket.
     */
    private boolean created = false;
    private boolean bound = false;
    private boolean connected = false;
    private boolean closed = false;
    private Object closeLock = new Object();
    private boolean shutIn = false;
    private boolean shutOut = false;

    /**
     * The implementation of this Socket.
     */
    SocketImpl impl;

    /**
     * Are we using an older SocketImpl?
     */
    private boolean oldImpl = false;

　　构造方法：public Socket(String host, int port)throws UnknownHostException, IOException

                    创建一个socket连接到host上的port端口上。这个构造方法会调自己私有的构造方法，这个私有的方法就有设置impl.

 /**
     * Creates a stream socket and connects it to the specified port
     * number on the named host.
     * <p>
     * If the specified host is {@code null} it is the equivalent of
     * specifying the address as
     * {@link java.net.InetAddress#getByName InetAddress.getByName}{@code (null)}.
     * In other words, it is equivalent to specifying an address of the
     * loopback interface. </p>
     * <p>
     * If the application has specified a server socket factory, that
     * factory's {@code createSocketImpl} method is called to create
     * the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a "plain" socket is created.
     * <p>
     * If there is a security manager, its
     * {@code checkConnect} method is called
     * with the host address and {@code port}
     * as its arguments. This could result in a SecurityException.
     *
     * @param      host   the host name, or {@code null} for the loopback address.
     * @param      port   the port number.
     *
     * @exception  UnknownHostException if the IP address of
     * the host could not be determined.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs when creating the socket.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             {@code checkConnect} method doesn't allow the operation.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if the port parameter is outside
     *             the specified range of valid port values, which is between
     *             0 and 65535, inclusive.
     * @see        java.net.Socket#setSocketImplFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory)
     * @see        java.net.SocketImpl
     * @see        java.net.SocketImplFactory#createSocketImpl()
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkConnect
     */
    public Socket(String host, int port)
        throws UnknownHostException, IOException
    {
        this(host != null ? new InetSocketAddress(host, port) :
             new InetSocketAddress(InetAddress.getByName(null), port),
             (SocketAddress) null, true);
    }

　　构造函数：private Socket(SocketAddress address, SocketAddress localAddr,boolean stream) throws IOException

　　　　　　   这个私有的构造函数，设置iml,绑定主机，请求连接。

    private Socket(SocketAddress address, SocketAddress localAddr,
                   boolean stream) throws IOException {
        setImpl();

        // backward compatibility
        if (address == null)
            throw new NullPointerException();

        try {
            createImpl(stream);
            if (localAddr != null)
                bind(localAddr);
            connect(address);
        } catch (IOException | IllegalArgumentException | SecurityException e) {
            try {
                close();
            } catch (IOException ce) {
                e.addSuppressed(ce);
            }
            throw e;
        }
    }

　　方法： public void connect(SocketAddress endpoint, int timeout) throws IOException 

               用im请求连接。API说的有点道理，实际工作真是他完成的。这里用到了门面设计模式。

 public void connect(SocketAddress endpoint, int timeout) throws IOException {
        if (endpoint == null)
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("connect: The address can't be null");

        if (timeout < 0)
          throw new IllegalArgumentException("connect: timeout can't be negative");

        if (isClosed())
            throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");

        if (!oldImpl && isConnected())
            throw new SocketException("already connected");

        if (!(endpoint instanceof InetSocketAddress))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported address type");

        InetSocketAddress epoint = (InetSocketAddress) endpoint;
        InetAddress addr = epoint.getAddress ();
        int port = epoint.getPort();
        checkAddress(addr, "connect");

        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
        if (security != null) {
            if (epoint.isUnresolved())
                security.checkConnect(epoint.getHostName(), port);
            else
                security.checkConnect(addr.getHostAddress(), port);
        }
        if (!created)
            createImpl(true);
        if (!oldImpl)
            impl.connect(epoint, timeout);
        else if (timeout == 0) {
            if (epoint.isUnresolved())
                impl.connect(addr.getHostName(), port);
            else
                impl.connect(addr, port);
        } else
            throw new UnsupportedOperationException("SocketImpl.connect(addr, timeout)");
        connected = true;
        /*
         * If the socket was not bound before the connect, it is now because
         * the kernel will have picked an ephemeral port & a local address
         */
        bound = true;
    }

　　2.ServerSocket

 　　   属性：SocketImpl impl，实际工作也是交由他去执行。
　　　　
　　　　构造方法：public ServerSocket(int port)  

　　　　　　　　 创建一个服务端socket,绑定到指定的端口上，具体的实现，这个构造函数调用了另一个函数去执行，这个函数将会调用绑定的方法。

    /**
     * Creates a server socket, bound to the specified port. A port number
     * of {@code 0} means that the port number is automatically
     * allocated, typically from an ephemeral port range. This port
     * number can then be retrieved by calling {@link #getLocalPort getLocalPort}.
     * <p>
     * The maximum queue length for incoming connection indications (a
     * request to connect) is set to {@code 50}. If a connection
     * indication arrives when the queue is full, the connection is refused.
     * <p>
     * If the application has specified a server socket factory, that
     * factory's {@code createSocketImpl} method is called to create
     * the actual socket implementation. Otherwise a "plain" socket is created.
     * <p>
     * If there is a security manager,
     * its {@code checkListen} method is called
     * with the {@code port} argument
     * as its argument to ensure the operation is allowed.
     * This could result in a SecurityException.
     *
     *
     * @param      port  the port number, or {@code 0} to use a port
     *                   number that is automatically allocated.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs when opening the socket.
     * @exception  SecurityException
     * if a security manager exists and its {@code checkListen}
     * method doesn't allow the operation.
     * @exception  IllegalArgumentException if the port parameter is outside
     *             the specified range of valid port values, which is between
     *             0 and 65535, inclusive.
     *
     * @see        java.net.SocketImpl
     * @see        java.net.SocketImplFactory#createSocketImpl()
     * @see        java.net.ServerSocket#setSocketFactory(java.net.SocketImplFactory)
     * @see        SecurityManager#checkListen
     */
    public ServerSocket(int port) throws IOException {
        this(port, 50, null);
    }

　　方法：public void bind(SocketAddress endpoint, int backlog) throws IOException

　　　　　　用iml调用bind方法。

    /**
     *
     * Binds the {@code ServerSocket} to a specific address
     * (IP address and port number).
     * <p>
     * If the address is {@code null}, then the system will pick up
     * an ephemeral port and a valid local address to bind the socket.
     * <P>
     * The {@code backlog} argument is the requested maximum number of
     * pending connections on the socket. Its exact semantics are implementation
     * specific. In particular, an implementation may impose a maximum length
     * or may choose to ignore the parameter altogther. The value provided
     * should be greater than {@code 0}. If it is less than or equal to
     * {@code 0}, then an implementation specific default will be used.
     * @param   endpoint        The IP address and port number to bind to.
     * @param   backlog         requested maximum length of the queue of
     *                          incoming connections.
     * @throws  IOException if the bind operation fails, or if the socket
     *                     is already bound.
     * @throws  SecurityException       if a {@code SecurityManager} is present and
     * its {@code checkListen} method doesn't allow the operation.
     * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if endpoint is a
     *          SocketAddress subclass not supported by this socket
     * @since 1.4
     */
    public void bind(SocketAddress endpoint, int backlog) throws IOException {
        if (isClosed())
            throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
        if (!oldImpl && isBound())
            throw new SocketException("Already bound");
        if (endpoint == null)
            endpoint = new InetSocketAddress(0);
        if (!(endpoint instanceof InetSocketAddress))
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unsupported address type");
        InetSocketAddress epoint = (InetSocketAddress) endpoint;
        if (epoint.isUnresolved())
            throw new SocketException("Unresolved address");
        if (backlog < 1)
          backlog = 50;
        try {
            SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
            if (security != null)
                security.checkListen(epoint.getPort());
            getImpl().bind(epoint.getAddress(), epoint.getPort());
            getImpl().listen(backlog);
            bound = true;
        } catch(SecurityException e) {
            bound = false;
            throw e;
        } catch(IOException e) {
            bound = false;
            throw e;
        }
    }

　　方法：public Socket accept() throws IOException

　　　　　监听连接，连接成功后创建一个Socket。在连接传入之前会一直阻塞.这个方法最后会调implAccept(Socket s) 

    /**
     * Listens for a connection to be made to this socket and accepts
     * it. The method blocks until a connection is made.
     *
     * <p>A new Socket {@code s} is created and, if there
     * is a security manager,
     * the security manager's {@code checkAccept} method is called
     * with {@code s.getInetAddress().getHostAddress()} and
     * {@code s.getPort()}
     * as its arguments to ensure the operation is allowed.
     * This could result in a SecurityException.
     *
     * @exception  IOException  if an I/O error occurs when waiting for a
     *               connection.
     * @exception  SecurityException  if a security manager exists and its
     *             {@code checkAccept} method doesn't allow the operation.
     * @exception  SocketTimeoutException if a timeout was previously set with setSoTimeout and
     *             the timeout has been reached.
     * @exception  java.nio.channels.IllegalBlockingModeException
     *             if this socket has an associated channel, the channel is in
     *             non-blocking mode, and there is no connection ready to be
     *             accepted
     *
     * @return the new Socket
     * @see SecurityManager#checkAccept
     * @revised 1.4
     * @spec JSR-51
     */
    public Socket accept() throws IOException {
        if (isClosed())
            throw new SocketException("Socket is closed");
        if (!isBound())
            throw new SocketException("Socket is not bound yet");
        Socket s = new Socket((SocketImpl) null);
        implAccept(s);
        return s;
    }

　　方法：protected final void implAccept(Socket s) throws IOException

  /**
     * Subclasses of ServerSocket use this method to override accept()
     * to return their own subclass of socket.  So a FooServerSocket
     * will typically hand this method an <i>empty</i> FooSocket.  On
     * return from implAccept the FooSocket will be connected to a client.
     *
     * @param s the Socket
     * @throws java.nio.channels.IllegalBlockingModeException
     *         if this socket has an associated channel,
     *         and the channel is in non-blocking mode
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs when waiting
     * for a connection.
     * @since   JDK1.1
     * @revised 1.4
     * @spec JSR-51
     */
    protected final void implAccept(Socket s) throws IOException {
        SocketImpl si = null;
        try {
            if (s.impl == null)
              s.setImpl();
            else {
                s.impl.reset();
            }
            si = s.impl;
            s.impl = null;
            si.address = new InetAddress();
            si.fd = new FileDescriptor();
            getImpl().accept(si);

            SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
            if (security != null) {
                security.checkAccept(si.getInetAddress().getHostAddress(),
                                     si.getPort());
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            if (si != null)
                si.reset();
            s.impl = si;
            throw e;
        } catch (SecurityException e) {
            if (si != null)
                si.reset();
            s.impl = si;
            throw e;
        }
        s.impl = si;
        s.postAccept();
    }

• Socket 例子　

　　　1.编写服务端代码：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.ServerSocket;
import java.net.Socket;


public class Server {
    
    private static ServerSocket server;

    public static void main(String args[]) throws IOException {
        server = new ServerSocket(9000);
        Socket socket = null;
        BufferedReader in = null;
        PrintWriter out = null;
        
        while(true){
            try {
                socket = server.accept();
            
            in =new BufferedReader( new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
            out = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream(),true);
            if(in.ready()){
                System.out.println("recive data from client : "+in.readLine());
            }
            out.print("welcome to server.");
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }finally{
                out.close();
                in.close();
            }
            
        }
        
        
    }
}

　　2.编写客户端：

import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.net.Socket;



public class Client {
    static Socket client =null;
    public static void main(String args[]){
        
        BufferedReader in=null;
        PrintWriter out=null;
        try {
             client = new Socket("127.0.0.1",9000);
             in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(client.getInputStream()));
             out= new PrintWriter(client.getOutputStream(),true);
             out.println("hello server.");
             System.out.println("recive data from server "+in.readLine());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }finally{
            out.close();
            try {
                in.close();
            } catch (IOException e) {
                // TODO Auto-generated catch block
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
        
    }
}

　　运行结果：

　　server: recive data from client : hello server.

     client:recive data from server welcome to server.

　　　　

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/leixuan/p/4800831.html