[Python]numpy学习总结

本文为学习莫烦Python中numpy部分所做积累
如需更详细的学习numpy，可以参照numpy官方文档

导入numpy

import numpy as np

创建array

• np.array([?,?,...], dtype=?)
  
• np.zeros()
  
• np.ones()
  
• np.empty()
  
• np.arange()
  
• np.linspace()

利用list创建array

array = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6]])
print("array:\n" + str(array))
print("dimension: " + str(array.ndim))
print("shape: " + str(array.shape))
print("size: " + str(array.size))

array:
[[1 2 3]
 [4 5 6]]
dimension: 2
shape: (2, 3)
size: 6

控制输出格式，利用format

mat = "{:10}"
print(mat.format("dtype") + mat.format("values"))
print("--------------------------")
a = np.array([2,23,4], dtype=np.int)
print(mat.format("int: ") + str(a))

a = np.array([2,23,4], dtype=np.int32)
print(mat.format("int32: ") + str(a))

a = np.array([2,23,4], dtype=np.float)
print(mat.format("{float: ") + str(a))

a = np.array([2,23,4], dtype=np.float32)
print(mat.format("float32: ") + str(a))

dtype     values    
--------------------------
int:      [ 2 23  4]
int32:    [ 2 23  4]
{float:   [  2.  23.   4.]
float32:  [  2.  23.   4.]

创建array的特殊函数（zeros/empty/ones）

print("array")
print(np.array([[2,23,4], [2,32,4]]))
print("zeros")
print(np.zeros((3,4)))
print("empty")
print(np.empty((3,4))) # 空数组，从内存中读取，没有具体的值
print("ones")
print(np.ones((3,4), dtype=np.float))

array
[[ 2 23  4]
 [ 2 32  4]]
zeros
[[ 0.  0.  0.  0.]
 [ 0.  0.  0.  0.]
 [ 0.  0.  0.  0.]]
empty
[[ 0.  0.  0.  0.]
 [ 0.  0.  0.  0.]
 [ 0.  0.  0.  0.]]
ones
[[ 1.  1.  1.  1.]
 [ 1.  1.  1.  1.]
 [ 1.  1.  1.  1.]]

其他便捷创建array的函数（arange/linspace & reshape）

print(np.arange(10,20,2))
print(np.arange(10,20))
print(np.arange(5))

[10 12 14 16 18]
[10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19]
[0 1 2 3 4]

print(np.arange(12).reshape((3,4)))

[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]

print(np.linspace(0,10,51))

[  0.    0.2   0.4   0.6   0.8   1.    1.2   1.4   1.6   1.8   2.    2.2
   2.4   2.6   2.8   3.    3.2   3.4   3.6   3.8   4.    4.2   4.4   4.6
   4.8   5.    5.2   5.4   5.6   5.8   6.    6.2   6.4   6.6   6.8   7.
   7.2   7.4   7.6   7.8   8.    8.2   8.4   8.6   8.8   9.    9.2   9.4
   9.6   9.8  10. ]

print(np.linspace(1,20,20).reshape((4,5)))

[[  1.   2.   3.   4.   5.]
 [  6.   7.   8.   9.  10.]
 [ 11.  12.  13.  14.  15.]
 [ 16.  17.  18.  19.  20.]]

基本运算

• + - * /
  
• True Flase
  
• np.sum()
  
• np.mean()
  
• np.cumsum()
  
• np.var()
  
• np.std()
  
• np.argmin()
  
• np.sort()

a = np.arange(4)
b = np.arange(2,6)
print("a", a)
print("b", b)
print("a+b", a+b)
print("a-b", a-b)
print("a*b", a*b)
print("multiply", np.multiply(a,b.T))
print("dot", np.dot(a,b.T))
print("a**2", a**2)
print("sin(a)", np.sin(a))

a [0 1 2 3]
b [2 3 4 5]
a+b [2 4 6 8]
a-b [-2 -2 -2 -2]
a*b [ 0  3  8 15]
multiply [ 0  3  8 15]
dot 26
a**2 [0 1 4 9]
sin(a) [ 0.          0.84147098  0.90929743  0.14112001]

布尔型

a>1

array([False, False,  True,  True], dtype=bool)

总和（sum）

print(np.random.random((2,4)))

[[ 0.90737031  0.06079399  0.41431436  0.79081197]
 [ 0.73904745  0.39152876  0.11318868  0.69744151]]

a = np.random.random((2,4))
print(a)
print(np.sum(a))
print(np.sum(a,axis=0))

[[ 0.84202053  0.2546691   0.57559723  0.96252647]
 [ 0.63965579  0.8549101   0.66205939  0.44804623]]
5.23948484206
[ 1.48167632  1.10957921  1.23765662  1.4105727 ]

标准差（std）与方差（var）

print(np.std(a))
print(np.var(a))

0.217714836034
0.0473997498293

argmin

A = np.arange(2,14).reshape(3,4)
print(A)
print(np.argmin(A)) # 寻找最小值所在位置

[[ 2  3  4  5]
 [ 6  7  8  9]
 [10 11 12 13]]
0

mean/average与cumsum

print(np.mean(A)) # 均值
print(np.average(A)) # 均值
print(np.cumsum(A)) # 累积加和

7.5
7.5
[ 2  5  9 14 20 27 35 44 54 65 77 90]

排序sort

A = np.arange(14, 2, -1).reshape((3,4))
print(A)
print(np.sort(A))
print(np.sort(A, axis = 0))

[[14 13 12 11]
 [10  9  8  7]
 [ 6  5  4  3]]
[[11 12 13 14]
 [ 7  8  9 10]
 [ 3  4  5  6]]
[[ 6  5  4  3]
 [10  9  8  7]
 [14 13 12 11]]

索引

数组中：

• 按行输出
  
• 按列输出
  
• 挨个输出

A = np.arange(14, 2, -1).reshape((3,4))
print(np.diff(A, axis=0))
print(np.nonzero(A))

[[-4 -4 -4 -4]
 [-4 -4 -4 -4]]
(array([0, 0, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 2], dtype=int64), array([0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3], dtype=int64))

按行输出

for row in A:
    print(row)

[14 13 12 11]
[10  9  8  7]
[6 5 4 3]
[[14 13 12 11]
 [10  9  8  7]
 [ 6  5  4  3]]

按列输出

for column in A.T:
    print(column)

[14 10  6]
[13  9  5]
[12  8  4]
[11  7  3]

挨个输出

for item in A.flat:
    print(item, end="\\")

14\13\12\11\10\9\8\7\6\5\4\3\

print(A.flatten())

[14 13 12 11 10  9  8  7  6  5  4  3]

合并

• np.newaxis
• np.concatenate()

hstack&vstack

A = np.array([[1,1,1]])
B = np.array([[2,2,2]])
print(np.hstack((A, B)))
print(np.vstack((A, B)))

[1 1 1 2 2 2]
[[1 1 1]
 [2 2 2]]

newaxis

print(A.T)
print(A.T.shape)
print(A[:,np.newaxis])
print(A[:,np.newaxis].shape)

[1 1 1]
(3,)
[[1]
 [1]
 [1]]
(3, 1)

concatenate

print(np.concatenate((A,B), axis = 1))
print(np.concatenate((A,B), axis = 0))

[[1 1 1 2 2 2]]
[[1 1 1]
 [2 2 2]]

a = np.array([[1,2],[3,4]])
b = np.array([[5,6]])

np.concatenate((a,b), axis = 0)

array([[1, 2],
       [3, 4],
       [5, 6]])

分割

• np.split()
• np.array_split()

split分割（必须均等，整除）

A = np.arange(12).reshape((3,4))
print(A)
print(np.split(A,2,axis = 1))
print(np.split(A,3,axis = 0))

[[ 0  1  2  3]
 [ 4  5  6  7]
 [ 8  9 10 11]]
[array([[0, 1],
       [4, 5],
       [8, 9]]), array([[ 2,  3],
       [ 6,  7],
       [10, 11]])]
[array([[0, 1, 2, 3]]), array([[4, 5, 6, 7]]), array([[ 8,  9, 10, 11]])]

array_split分割（可以不均等，不整除）

print(np.array_split(A,3,axis = 1))

[array([[0, 1],
       [4, 5],
       [8, 9]]), array([[ 2],
       [ 6],
       [10]]), array([[ 3],
       [ 7],
       [11]])]

复制

• 浅复制
• 深复制

a = np.arange(4)
b = a # 浅复制
c = np.copy(a) # 深复制
a[0] = 11111
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)

[11111     1     2     3]
[11111     1     2     3]
[0 1 2 3]

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/aacirq/p/9680305.html