python3抓取数据时失败_Python爬取大量数据时，如何防止IP被封

下面是我写的爬取猪八戒的被封IP的代码

# coding=utf-8

import requests

from lxml import etree

def getUrl():

for i in range(33):

url = 'http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html'.format(i+1)

spiderPage(url)

def spiderPage(url):

if url is None:

return None

htmlText = requests.get(url).text

selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)

tds = selector.xpath('//*[@class='tab-switch tab-progress']/table/tr')

try:

for td in tds:

price = td.xpath('./td/p/em/text()')

href = td.xpath('./td/p/a/@href')

title = td.xpath('./td/p/a/text()')

subTitle = td.xpath('./td/p/text()')

deadline = td.xpath('./td/span/text()')

price = price[0] if len(price)>0 else ''    # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果

title = title[0] if len(title)>0 else ''

href = href[0] if len(href)>0 else ''

subTitle = subTitle[0] if len(subTitle)>0 else ''

deadline = deadline[0] if len(deadline)>0 else ''

print price,title,href,subTitle,deadline

print '---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'

spiderDetail(href)

except:

print '出错'

def spiderDetail(url):

if url is None:

return None

try:

htmlText = requests.get(url).text

selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)

aboutHref = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href')

price = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()')

title = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()')

contentDetail = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()')

publishDate = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()')

aboutHref = aboutHref[0] if len(aboutHref) > 0 else ''  # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果

price = price[0] if len(price) > 0 else ''

title = title[0] if len(title) > 0 else ''

contentDetail = contentDetail[0] if len(contentDetail) > 0 else ''

publishDate = publishDate[0] if len(publishDate) > 0 else ''

print aboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate

except:

print '出错'

if '_main_':

getUrl()

我发现代码运行完后，后面有几页数据没有被爬取，我再也没有办法去访问猪八戒网站了，等过了一段时间才能去访问他们的网站，这就很尴尬了，我得防止被封IP

如何防止爬取数据的时候被网站封IP。这里有一些套路，

019修改请求头

之前的爬虫代码没有添加头部，这里我添加了头部，模拟成浏览器去访问网站

user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'

headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}

htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, proxies=proxies).text

02采用代理IP

当自己的ip被网站封了之后，只能采用代理ip的方式进行爬取，所以每次爬取的时候尽量用代理ip来爬取，封了代理还有代理。

这里我引用了这个博客的一段代码来生成ip地址：

http://blog.csdn.net/lammonpeter/article/details/52917264

生成代理ip，大家可以直接把这个代码拿去用

# coding=utf-8

# IP地址取自国内髙匿代理IP网站：http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/

# 仅仅爬取首页IP地址就足够一般使用

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import requests

import random

def get_ip_list(url, headers):

web_data = requests.get(url, headers=headers)

soup = BeautifulSoup(web_data.text, 'lxml')

ips = soup.find_all('tr')

ip_list = []

for i in range(1, len(ips)):

ip_info = ips[i]

tds = ip_info.find_all('td')

ip_list.append(tds[1].text + ':' + tds[2].text)

return ip_list

def get_random_ip(ip_list):

proxy_list = []

for ip in ip_list:

proxy_list.append('http://' + ip)

proxy_ip = random.choice(proxy_list)

proxies = {'http': proxy_ip}

return proxies

if __name__ == '__main__':

url = 'http://www.xicidaili.com/nn/'

headers = {

'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.1; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.143 Safari/537.36'

}

ip_list = get_ip_list(url, headers=headers)

proxies = get_random_ip(ip_list)

print(proxies)

好了我用上面的代码给我生成了一批ip地址(有些ip地址可能无效，但只要不封我自己的ip就可以了,哈哈)，然后我就可以在我的请求头部添加ip地址

** 给我们的请求添加代理ip**

proxies = {

'http': 'http://124.72.109.183:8118',

'http': 'http://49.85.1.79:31666'

}

user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'

headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}

htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers, timeout=3, proxies=proxies).text

最后完整代码如下：

# coding=utf-8

import requests

import time

from lxml import etree

def getUrl():

for i in range(33):

url = 'http://task.zbj.com/t-ppsj/p{}s5.html'.format(i+1)

spiderPage(url)

def spiderPage(url):

if url is None:

return None

try:

proxies = {

'http': 'http://221.202.248.52:80',

}

user_agent = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/53.0.2785.104 Safari/537.36 Core/1.53.4295.400'

headers = {'User-Agent': user_agent}

htmlText = requests.get(url, headers=headers,proxies=proxies).text

selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)

tds = selector.xpath('//*[@class='tab-switch tab-progress']/table/tr')

for td in tds:

price = td.xpath('./td/p/em/text()')

href = td.xpath('./td/p/a/@href')

title = td.xpath('./td/p/a/text()')

subTitle = td.xpath('./td/p/text()')

deadline = td.xpath('./td/span/text()')

price = price[0] if len(price)>0 else ''    # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果

title = title[0] if len(title)>0 else ''

href = href[0] if len(href)>0 else ''

subTitle = subTitle[0] if len(subTitle)>0 else ''

deadline = deadline[0] if len(deadline)>0 else ''

print price,title,href,subTitle,deadline

print '---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------'

spiderDetail(href)

except Exception,e:

print '出错',e.message

def spiderDetail(url):

if url is None:

return None

try:

htmlText = requests.get(url).text

selector = etree.HTML(htmlText)

aboutHref = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/a/@href')

price = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[1]/div/div/div/p[1]/text()')

title = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[1]/div/div/h2/text()')

contentDetail = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[2]/div/div[1]/div[1]/text()')

publishDate = selector.xpath('//*[@id='utopia_widget_10']/div[2]/div/div[1]/p/text()')

aboutHref = aboutHref[0] if len(aboutHref) > 0 else ''  # python的三目运算 :为真时的结果 if 判定条件 else 为假时的结果

price = price[0] if len(price) > 0 else ''

title = title[0] if len(title) > 0 else ''

contentDetail = contentDetail[0] if len(contentDetail) > 0 else ''

publishDate = publishDate[0] if len(publishDate) > 0 else ''

print aboutHref,price,title,contentDetail,publishDate

except:

print '出错'

if '_main_':

getUrl()

数据全部爬取出来了，且我的IP也没有被封。当然防止被封IP肯定不止这些了，这还需要进一步探索！

最后

虽然数据我是已经抓取过来了，但是我的数据都没有完美呈现出来，只是呈现在我的控制台上，这并不完美，我应该写入execl文件或者数据库中啊，这样才能方便采用。所以接下来我准备了使用Python操作execl，mysql，mongoDB。

注：本文只做技术交流探讨之用，请勿用于其他用途，否则后果自负。