java mongodb 映射,SQL到MongoDB的映射图表

# SQL到MongoDB的映射图表

# 1. 术语和概念

下表介绍了各种SQL术语和概念以及相应的MongoDB术语和概念。

# 2. 可执行文件

下表展示了一些数据库可执行文件和相应的MongoDB可执行文件。这个表格并不是详尽无遗的。 MongoDB MySQL Oracle Informix DB2 Database Server mysqld oracle IDS DB2 Server

Database Client mysql sqlplus DB-Access DB2 Client

# 3. 例子

下表展示了各种SQL语句和相应的MongoDB语句。表中的例子假设以下条件: SQL示例假设有一个名为people的表。

MongoDB示例假设一个名为people的集合，它包含以下原型的文档:

{

_id: ObjectId("509a8fb2f3f4948bd2f983a0"),

user_id: "abc123",

age: 55,

status: 'A'

}

# 3.1 创建和修改

下表展示了与表级操作相关的各种SQL语句以及相应的MongoDB语句。 SQL Schema语句 MongoDB Schema语句 CREATE TABLE people ( id MEDIUMINT NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT, user_id Varchar(30), age Number, status char(1), PRIMARY KEY (id) ) 隐式创建的第一个insertOne()(opens new window)或insertMany()(opens new window)操作。如果没有指定**_id**字段，则会自动添加主键_id。 db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "abc123", age: 55, status: "A" } ) 但是，您也可以显式地创建一个集合: db.createCollection("people")

ALTER TABLE people ADD join_date DATETIME 集合不描述或不强制其文件结构； 即在集合级别没有结构上的更改。 但是，在文档级别，updateMany()(opens new window)操作可以使用$set(opens new window)运算符将字段添加到现有文档中。 db.people.updateMany( { }, { $set: { join_date: new Date() } } )

ALTER TABLE people DROP COLUMN join_date 集合不描述或不强制其文件结构； 即在集合级别没有结构上的更改。 但是，在文档级别，updateMany()(opens new window)操作可以使用$unset(opens new window)运算符将字段添加到现有文档中。 db.people.updateMany( { }, { $unset: { "join_date": "" } } )

CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc ON people(user_id) db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1 } )

CREATE INDEX idx_user_id_asc_age_desc ON people(user_id, age DESC) db.people.createIndex( { user_id: 1, age: -1 } )

DROP TABLE people db.people.drop()

下表显示了与将记录插入表和相应的MongoDB语句有关的各种SQL语句。 SQL INSERT语句 MongoDB insertOne() Statements INSERT INTO people(user_id, age, status) VALUES ("bcd001", 45, "A") db.people.insertOne( { user_id: "bcd001", age: 45, status: "A" } )

# 3.3 选择

下表展示了与从表中读取记录相关的各种SQL语句以及相应的MongoDB语句。 注意

除非通过投影明确排除，否则[find()(opens new window)方法始终在返回的文档中包含**_id字段。 下面的某些SQL查询可能包含一个_id**字段来反映这一点，即使该字段未包含在相应的find()(opens new window)查询中也是如此。 SQL SELECT 语句 MongoDB find() 语句 SELECT *FROM people db.people.find()

SELECT id, user_id, status FROM people db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1 } )

SELECT user_id, status FROM people db.people.find( { }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE status = "A" db.people.find( { status: "A" } )

SELECT user_id, status FROM people WHERE status = "A" db.people.find( { status: "A" }, { user_id: 1, status: 1, _id: 0 } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE status != "A" db.people.find( { status: { $ne: "A" } } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *AND age = 50 db.people.find( { status: "A", age: 50 } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *OR age = 50 db.people.find( { $or: [ { status: "A" } , { age: 50 } ] } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE age > 25 db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25 } } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE age < 25 db.people.find( { age: { $lt: 25 } } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* age > 25 *AND age <= 50 db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 25, $lte: 50 } } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* user_id *like "%bc%" db.people.find( { userid: /bc/ } ) _or db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /bc/ } } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* user_id *like "bc%" db.people.find( { userid: /^bc/ } ) _or db.people.find( { user_id: { $regex: /^bc/ } } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *ORDER* *BY* user_id *ASC db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: 1 } )

SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE* status = "A" *ORDER* *BY* user_id *DESC db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).sort( { user_id: -1 } )

SELECT COUNT() *FROM people db.people.count() or db.people.find().count()

SELECT COUNT(user_id) FROM people db.people.count( { userid: { $exists: *true* } } ) _or db.people.find( { user_id: { $exists: true } } ).count()

SELECT COUNT() *FROM* people *WHERE age > 30 db.people.count( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ) or db.people.find( { age: { $gt: 30 } } ).count()

SELECT DISTINCT(status) FROM people db.people.aggregate( [ { $group : { _id : "$status" } } ] ) or, for distinct value sets that do not exceed the BSON size limit(opens new window) db.people.distinct( "status" )

SELECT *FROM* people *LIMIT 1 db.people.findOne() or db.people.find().limit(1)

SELECT *FROM* people *LIMIT 5 SKIP 10 db.people.find().limit(5).skip(10)

EXPLAIN SELECT *FROM* people *WHERE status = "A" db.people.find( { status: "A" } ).explain()

# 3.4 更新记录

下表显示了与更新表中的现有记录和相应的MongoDB语句有关的各种SQL语句。 SQL Update Statements MongoDB updateMany() Statements UPDATE people SET status = "C" WHERE age > 25 db.people.updateMany( { age: { $gt: 25 } }, { $set: { status: "C" } } )

UPDATE people SET age = age + 3 WHERE status = "A" db.people.updateMany( { status: "A" } , { $inc: { age: 3 } } )

有关示例中使用的方法和运算符的更多信息，请参见：

# 3.5 删除记录

下表显示了与从表中删除记录和相应的MongoDB语句有关的各种SQL语句。 SQL Delete Statements MongoDB deleteMany() Statements DELETE FROM people WHERE status = "D" db.people.deleteMany( { status: "D" } )

DELETE FROM people db.people.deleteMany({})

# 参考文章