php高级列表,python中list列表的高级函数

> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']

>>> fruit = set(basket) # create a set without duplicates

>>> fruit

set(['orange', 'pear', 'apple', 'banana'])

>>> 'orange' in fruit # fast membership testing

True

>>> 'crabgrass' in fruit

False

>>> # Demonstrate set operations on unique letters from two words

...

>>> a = set('abracadabra')

>>> b = set('alacazam')

>>> a # unique letters in a

set(['a', 'r', 'b', 'c', 'd'])

>>> a - b # letters in a but not in b

set(['r', 'd', 'b'])

>>> a | b # letters in either a or b

set(['a', 'c', 'r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'])

>>> a & b # letters in both a and b

set(['a', 'c'])

>>> a ^ b # letters in a or b but not both

set(['r', 'd', 'b', 'm', 'z', 'l'])

Dictionaries：字典

>>> tel = {'jack': 4098, 'sape': 4139}

>>> tel['guido'] = 4127 #相当于向字典中添加数据

>>> tel

{'sape': 4139, 'guido': 4127, 'jack': 4098}

>>> tel['jack'] #取数据

4098

>>> del tel['sape'] #删除数据

>>> tel['irv'] = 4127 #修改数据

>>> tel

{'guido': 4127, 'irv': 4127, 'jack': 4098}

>>> tel.keys() #取字典的所有key值

['guido', 'irv', 'jack']

>>> 'guido' in tel #判断元素的key是否在字典中

True

>>> tel.get('irv') #取数据

4127

也可以使用规则生成字典：

>>> {x: x**2 for x in (2, 4, 6)}

{2: 4, 4: 16, 6: 36}

enumerate()：遍历元素及下标

enumerate 函数用于遍历序列中的元素以及它们的下标：

>>> for i, v in enumerate(['tic', 'tac', 'toe']):

... print i, v

...

0 tic

1 tac

2 toe

zip():zip()是Python的一个内建函数，它接受一系列可迭代的对象作为参数，将对象中对应的元素打包成一个个tuple(元组)，然后返回由这些tuples组成的list(列表)。若传入参数的长度不等，则返回list的长度和参数中长度最短的对象相同。利用*号操作符，可以将list unzip(解压)。

>>> questions = ['name', 'quest', 'favorite color']

>>> answers = ['lancelot', 'the holy grail', 'blue']

>>> for q, a in zip(questions, answers):

... print 'What is your {0}? It is {1}.'.format(q, a)

...

What is your name? It is lancelot.

What is your quest? It is the holy grail.

What is your favorite color? It is blue.

有关zip举一个简单点儿的例子：

>>> a = [1,2,3]

>>> b = [4,5,6]

>>> c = [4,5,6,7,8]

>>> zipped = zip(a,b)

[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]

>>> zip(a,c)

[(1, 4), (2, 5), (3, 6)]

>>> zip(*zipped)

[(1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6)]

reversed():反转

>>> for i in reversed(xrange(1,10,2)):

... print i

...

sorted(): 排序

> basket = ['apple', 'orange', 'apple', 'pear', 'orange', 'banana']

> for f in sorted(set(basket)): #这里使用了set函数

... print f

...

apple

banana

orange

pear

python的set和其他语言类似, 是一个 基本功能包括关系测试和消除重复元素.

To change a sequence you are iterating over while inside the loop (for example to duplicate certain items), it is recommended that you first make a copy. Looping over a sequence does not implicitly make a copy. The slice notation makes this especially convenient:

>>> words = ['cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']

>>> for w in words[:]: # Loop over a slice copy of the entire list.

... if len(w) > 6:

... words.insert(0, w)

...

>>> words

['defenestrate', 'cat', 'window', 'defenestrate']

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助。

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