PowerMock是Java世界的开源模拟库。 它扩展了现有的
PowerMock currently extends the EasyMock and Mockito mocking frameworks. Depending on which extension is preferred, the syntax to write any unit test differs slightly. In this tutorial, I am using PowerMock with Mockito.
本教程将演示一个使用PowerMock的非常简单的模拟示例。 它将向我们展示创建模拟和验证方法调用的基本语法。
PowerMock Installation With Dependencies
PowerMock是一个正在积极开发的开源模拟框架。 您可以按照以下步骤在计算机中进行设置。
1)首先下载PowerMock 1.5。 访问http://code.google.com/p/powermock/ PowerMock主页。
2)点击页面上的下载选项卡,您应该看到如下内容:
3)由于我们将使用Mockito扩展和JUnit测试框架来开发所有示例,因此请下载powermock-mockito-junit-1.6.zip文件。
4)将ZIP文件解压缩到某个文件夹中。 该ZIP文件包含使用PowerMock编写单元测试所需的所有从属JAR文件。
5)将所有jar文件复制到项目的lib文件夹中,并将其添加为依赖项。
You are done !!
You may need to additionally include “hamcrest-core-1.3.jar” if you do not have already.
Participant Classes
为了完整起见,让我首先在下面的类中写下我们将在测试示例中使用的类。
Employee.javapublic class Employee {
private String fName;
public String getfName() {
return fName;
}
public void setfName(String fName) {
this.fName = fName;
}
}
EmployeeService.javapublic class EmployeeService
{
public int getEmployeeCount() {
throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
}
public void saveEmployee(Employee employee) {
//return nothing
}
}
EmployeeController.javapublic class EmployeeController
{
private EmployeeService employeeService;
public EmployeeController(EmployeeService employeeService) {
this.employeeService = employeeService;
}
public int getProjectedEmployeeCount()
{
final int actualEmployeeCount = employeeService.getEmployeeCount();
return actualEmployeeCount * 2;
}
public void saveEmployee(Employee employee) {
employeeService.saveEmployee(employee);
}
}
First Test without PowerMock
让我们编写一个简单的测试来获得不使用模拟的员工人数。 如您所见, EmployeeService.getEmployeeCount()方法抛出UnsupportedOperationException ,测试应该失败。@Test
public void shouldGetCountOfEmployees()
{
EmployeeController employeeController =new EmployeeController(new EmployeeService());
Assert.assertEquals(10,employeeController.getProjectedEmployeeCount());
}
在运行测试时,它肯定会失败,并带有以下异常。java.lang.UnsupportedOperationException
at com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.service.EmployeeService.getEmployeeCount(EmployeeService.java:8)
at com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.controller.EmployeeController.getProjectedEmployeeCount(EmployeeController.java:16)
at com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.test.EmployeeControllerTestOne.shouldGetCountOfEmployees(EmployeeControllerTestOne.java:15)
在不允许您使用某种方法的任何应用程序中都可能出现这种情况,并且原因可以是无限的。 在这种情况下,您可能希望模拟上述方法,以便可以测试应用程序的其他部分。
Mock a simple method using PowerMock
在上面的示例中,不支持getEmployeeCount()方法,但我们想使用它。 在这种情况下,我们可以使用powermock模拟它。@Test
public void firstMockTest()
{
//Creating a mock using the PowerMockito.mock
//method for the EmployeeService class.
EmployeeService mock =PowerMockito.mock(EmployeeService.class);
//Next statement essentially says that when getProjectedEmployeeCount method
//is called on the mocked EmployeeService instance, return 8.
PowerMockito.when(mock.getEmployeeCount()).thenReturn(8);
EmployeeController employeeController = new EmployeeController(mock);
Assert.assertEquals(16, employeeController.getProjectedEmployeeCount());
}
以上测试将成功执行。 在这里,当调用employeeController.getProjectedEmployeeCount()时,它依次从模拟对象中调用方法getEmployeeCount() ,该对象返回值8。控制器将其乘以2,返回值为16。该返回值等于assert中的期望值。语句,因此测试通过了。
Verify if mock method was really invoked?
有时,单元测试只需要调用一个方法而忘记它。 主要是因为method不返回任何值。 您肯定可以通过再次从数据源获取值来测试DB中是否存在值。 但是,如果您的测试仅需要验证是否已调用某个方法,就可以使用powermock进行操作。@Test
public void verifyMethodInvokationTest()
{
EmployeeService mock =PowerMockito.mock(EmployeeService.class);
EmployeeController employeeController = new EmployeeController(mock);
Employee employee = new Employee();
employeeController.saveEmployee(employee);
//Verifying that controller did call the
//saveEmployee() method on the mocked service instance.
Mockito.verify(mock).saveEmployee(employee);
}
在上面的测试示例中,我们使用verify(mock)方法来验证saveEmployee(employee)是否确实已被调用。 如果您通过测试,则将通过。
为了验证上面的代码是否工作正常,请在EmployeeController.java下面一行中注释掉。public void saveEmployee(Employee employee) {
//employeeService.saveEmployee(employee); //Comment this line
}
现在,如果您再次运行测试,它将失败并显示此错误。Wanted but not invoked:
employeeService.saveEmployee(
com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.model.Employee@7808b9
);
-> at com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.test.EmployeeControllerTestOne.verifyMethodInvokationTest(EmployeeControllerTestOne.java:47)
Actually, there were zero interactions with this mock.
您可以在单元测试中拥有非常好的功能。
Using mock settings for extra information about test run
这些模拟设置很少使用,但在某些情况下很有用。 如果您想为模拟命名,以供将来调试之用,请使用它们。 或者您想启用详细日志记录以获取更多信息。 当您要注册一个侦听器来通知该模拟方法的调用时,可以使用它。 甚至在尚未实现实际对象的模拟对象上实现一些额外的接口。@Test
public void mockSettingsTest() {
EmployeeService mock =PowerMockito.mock(EmployeeService.class, Mockito
.withSettings()
.name("EmployeeServiceMock")
.verboseLogging());
EmployeeController employeeController = new EmployeeController(mock);
Employee employee = new Employee();
employeeController.saveEmployee(employee);
//Verifying that controller did call the
//saveEmployee method on the mocked service
//instance.
Mockito.verify(mock).saveEmployee(employee);
}
运行以上测试以在控制台中获得以下结果:############ Logging method invocation #1 on mock/spy ########
employeeService.saveEmployee(
com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.model.Employee@c9131c
);
invoked: -> at com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.controller.EmployeeController.saveEmployee(EmployeeController.java:21)
has returned: "null"
############ Logging method invocation #2 on mock/spy ########
employeeService.saveEmployee(
com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.model.Employee@c9131c
);
invoked: -> at com.howtodoinjava.powermock.examples.test.EmployeeControllerTestOne.mockSettingsTest(EmployeeControllerTestOne.java:64)
has returned: "null"
这就是关于powermock的初学者教程的全部内容,可帮助您入门。 我将在下一组教程中介绍一些复杂的主题。