unix linux windows mac,從 Mac (Unix) 移至 Windows | Microsoft Docs

將開發環境從 Mac 變更為 Windows 的指南Guide for changing your dev environment from Mac to Windows

09/19/2019

本文內容

以下提示和控制項對等項目，可協助您在 Mac 和 Windows (或 WSL/Linux) 開發環境之間轉換。The following tips and control equivalents should help you in your transition between a Mac and Windows (or WSL/Linux) development environment.

若為應用程式開發，與 Xcode 最接近的對等項目是 Visual Studio。For app development, the nearest equivalent to Xcode would be Visual Studio. There is also a version of Visual Studio for Mac, if you ever feel the need to go back. 對於跨平台的原始程式碼編輯 (以及大量的外掛程式)，Visual Studio Code 是最熱門的選項。For cross-platform source code editing (and a huge number of plug-ins) Visual Studio Code is the most popular choice.

鍵盤快速鍵Keyboard shortcuts

作業Operation

MacMac

WindowsWindows

複製Copy

Command+CCommand+C

Ctrl+CCtrl+C

剪下Cut

Command+XCommand+X

Ctrl+XCtrl+X

貼上Paste

Command+VCommand+V

Ctrl+VCtrl+V

復原Undo

Command+ZCommand+Z

Ctrl+ZCtrl+Z

儲存Save

Command+SCommand+S

Ctrl+SCtrl+S

開啟Open

Command+OCommand+O

Ctrl+OCtrl+O

鎖定電腦Lock computer

Command+Control+QCommand+Control+Q

WindowsKey+LWindowsKey+L

顯示桌面Show desktop

Command+F3Command+F3

WindowsKey+DWindowsKey+D

開啟檔案瀏覽器Open file browser

Command+NCommand+N

WindowsKey+EWindowsKey+E

將視窗最小化Minimize windows

Command+MCommand+M

WindowsKey+MWindowsKey+M

搜尋Search

Command+空格鍵Command+Space

WindowsKeyWindowsKey

關閉使用中視窗Close active window

Command+WCommand+W

Control+WControl+W

切換目前工作Switch current task

Command+TabCommand+Tab

Alt+TabAlt+Tab

將視窗最大化至全螢幕Maximize a window to full screen

Control+Command+FControl+Command+F

WindowsKey+UpWindowsKey+Up

儲存螢幕 (螢幕擷取畫面)Save screen (Screenshot)

Command+Shift+3Command+Shift+3

WindowsKey+Shift+SWindowsKey+Shift+S

儲存視窗Save window

Command+Shift+4Command+Shift+4

WindowsKey+Shift+SWindowsKey+Shift+S

檢視項目資訊或屬性View item information or properties

Command+ICommand+I

Alt+EnterAlt+Enter

選取所有項目Select all items

Command+ACommand+A

Ctrl+ACtrl+A

在清單中選取一個以上的專案 (非連續)Select more than one item in a list (noncontiguous)

Command，然後按一下每個項目Command, then click each item

Control，然後按一下每個項目Control, then click each item

鍵入特殊字元Type special characters

Option+ 字元鍵Option+ character key

Alt+ 字元鍵Alt+ character key

軌跡板快速鍵Trackpad shortcuts

注意：其中一些快速鍵需要「精確度軌跡板」，例如 Surface 裝置上的軌跡板和其他協力廠商膝上型電腦。Note: Some of these shortcuts require a "Precision Trackpad", such as the trackpad on Surface devices and some other third party laptops.

作業Operation

MacMac

WindowsWindows

ScrollScroll

兩指垂直撥動Two finger vertical swipe

兩指垂直撥動Two finger vertical swipe

縮放Zoom

兩指向內和向外捏合Two finger pinch in and out

兩指向內和向外捏合Two finger pinch in and out

在檢視之間前後撥動Swipe back and forward between views

兩指橫向撥動Two finger sideways swipe

兩指橫向撥動Two finger sideways swipe

切換虛擬工作區Switch virtual workspaces

四指橫向撥動Four fingers sideways swipe

四指橫向撥動Four fingers sideways swipe

顯示目前開啟的應用程式Display currently open apps

四指向上撥動Four fingers upward swipe

三指向上撥動Three fingers upward swipe

在應用程式之間切換Switch between apps

不適用N/A

三指緩慢地橫向撥動Slow three finger sideways swipe

移至桌面Go to desktop

四指張開Spread out four fingers

三指向下撥動Three finger swipe downwards

開啟 Cortana / 控制中心Open Cortana / Action center

兩指從右側滑動Two finger slide from right

三指點選Three finger tap

開啟額外資訊Open extra information

三指點選Three finger tap

不適用N/A

顯示啟動列 / 啟動應用程式Show launchpad / start an app

使用四指捏合Pinch with four fingers

使用四指點選Tap with four fingers

注意：在這兩個平台上皆可設定軌跡板選項。Note: Trackpad options are configurable on both platforms.

命令列命令介面和終端機Command-line shells and terminals

Windows 支援數個命令列命令介面和終端機，其運作方式有些時候會與 Mac 的 BASH 命令介面和終端機模擬器應用程式 (例如終端機和 iTerm) 稍有不同。Windows supports several command-line shells and terminals which sometimes work a little differently to the Mac's BASH shell and terminal emulator apps like Terminal and iTerm.

Windows 命令介面Windows shells

Windows 有兩個主要的命令列命令介面：Windows has two primary command-line shells:

使用 PowerShell，系統管理員、開發人員和進階使用者便可以快速控制並將工作自動化，這些工作可管理複雜的程序和環境與其執行所在作業系統的各個層面。Using PowerShell, administrators, developers, and power-users can rapidly control and automate tasks that manage complex processes and various aspects of the environment and operating system upon which it is run. PowerShell 是完全開放原始碼，並因為它可跨平台，也適用於 Mac 和 Linux。PowerShell is fully open-source, and because it is cross-platform, also available for Mac and Linux.

Mac 和 Linux BASH 命令介面使用者：PowerShell 也支援您已經熟悉的許多命令別名。Mac and Linux BASH shell users: PowerShell also supports many command-aliases that you are already familiar with. 例如：For example:

列出目前目錄的內容，使用：lsList the contents of the current directory, using: ls

移動檔案，使用：mvMove files with: mv

移至新目錄，使用：cd Move to a new directory with: cd

PowerShell 與 BASH 中的某些命令和引數不同。Some commands and arguments are different in PowerShell vs. BASH. 若要深入了解，請在 PowerShell 中輸入：get-help，或查看文件中相容性別名。Learn more by entering: get-help in PowerShell or checkout the compatibility aliases in the docs.

若要以系統管理員身分執行 PowerShell，請在 Windows [開始] 功能表中輸入 "PowerShell"，然後選取 [以系統管理員身分執行]。To run PowerShell as an Administrator, enter "PowerShell" in your Windows start menu, then select "Run as Administrator."

Windows 命令列 (Cmd) ：Windows 仍會隨附傳統的命令提示字元 (和主控台，請參閱下文)，以提供與目前和舊版 MS-DOS 相容的命令和批次檔的相容性。Windows Command Line (Cmd): Windows still ships the traditional Command Prompt (and Console – see below), providing compatibility with current and legacy MS-DOS-compatible commands and batch files. 在執行現有/較舊的批次檔或命令列作業時，Cmd 非常有用，但一般而言，建議使用者學習並使用 PowerShell，因為 Cmd 目前維護中，而且未來將不會收到任何改良功能或新功能。Cmd is useful when running existing/older batch files or command-line operations, but in general, users are recommended to learn and use PowerShell since Cmd is now in maintenance, and will not be receiving any improvements or new features in the future.

Linux 命令介面Linux shells

現在可以安裝 Windows 子系統 Linux 版 (WSL)，以支援在 Windows 內執行 Linux 命令介面。Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) can now be installed to support running a Linux shell within Windows. 這表示您可以使用您所選擇的任何特定 Linux 發行版本 (直接整合在 Windows 內) 執行 bash。This means that you can run bash, with whichever specific Linux distribution you choose, integrated right inside Windows. 使用 WSL 將提供 Mac 使用者最熟悉的環境類型。Using WSL will provide the kind of environment most familiar to Mac users. 例如，您會使用 ls 來列出目前目錄中的檔案，而非使用您在傳統 Windows Cmd 命令介面中使用的 dir。For example, you will ls to list the files in a current directory, not dir as you would with the traditional Windows Cmd Shell. 可以使用 WSL 安裝在 Windows 上的 Linux 發行版本包括：Linux distributions that can be installed on Windows with WSL include:

僅提供幾個例子。Just to name a few. Find more in the WSL install docs and install them directly from the Microsoft Store.

Windows 終端機Windows Terminals

除了許多協力廠商供應專案，Microsoft 提供兩個「終端」–可提供命令列 shell 和應用程式存取權的 GUI 應用程式。In addition to many 3rd party offerings, Microsoft provides two "terminals" – GUI applications that provide access to command-line shells and applications.

您可以使用 Windows 終端機來開啟索引標籤，其中連線至 PowerShell、WSL 命令介面 (例如 Ubuntu 或 Debian)、傳統 Windows 命令提示字元或任何其他命令列應用程式 (例如 SSH、Azure CLI、Git Bash)。You can use Windows Terminal to open tabs connected to PowerShell, WSL shells (like Ubuntu or Debian), the traditional Windows Command Prompt, or any other command-line app (e.g. SSH, Azure CLI, Git Bash).

不過，由於長久以來的怪癖，Windows 使用者傳統上會啟動其命令介面，而 Windows 會自動啟動並連線 GUI 主控台應用程式。However, due to a quirk of history, Windows users traditionally start their shell, and Windows automatically starts and connects a GUI Console app.

雖然可以直接啟動 shell 並使用舊版 Windows 主控台，但強烈建議使用者改為安裝和使用 Windows 終端機，以體驗最佳、最快速、最具生產力的命令列體驗。While one can still launch shells directly and use the legacy Windows Console, it's highly recommended that users instead install and use Windows Terminal to experience the best, fastest, most productive command-line experience.

應用程式和公用程式Apps and utilities

AppApp

MacMac

WindowsWindows

設定與偏好設定Settings and Preferences

系統偏好設定System Preferences

SettingsSettings

工作管理員Task manager

活動監視器Activity Monitor

工作管理員Task Manager

磁碟格式化Disk formatting

磁碟公用程式Disk Utility

磁碟管理Disk Management

文字編輯Text editing

TextEditTextEdit

記事本Notepad

事件檢視Event viewing

主控台Console

事件檢視器Event Viewer

尋找檔案/應用程式Find files/apps

Command+空格鍵Command+Space

Windows 按鍵Windows key