哪些硬件厂商支持linux,浅析三大主流显卡厂商对 Linux 的驱动支持

在挑选一台 Linux 兼容的电脑的时恐怕没有什么能比显卡更纠结了……本文将简要的比较 Intel、AMD 和 NVIDIA 显卡对于 Linux 的驱动支持情况。

以常见的 i686/AMD64 架构为例。

Intel

开源驱动(以 Intel 2.19 Mesa 8.0.3 为例)

优点官方提供开源驱动支持。

对于最新产品的 0-day 支持。

不错的电源管理。

在 HD3000 及以后型号中通过 VAAPI 实现硬件解码支持。

在绝大多数发行版中开箱即用,无需额外配置。

缺点性能大约只有 Win 平台的 80%。

没有 OpenCL 支持。

HDMI 输出在部分设备上存在问题。

并未使用新的 Gallium3D 通用驱动架构,将吸收来自其他开源驱动方面进步上会有难度。

注意:早期上网本中配备的贴牌 Intel 显卡实为 PowerVR 的产品,Linux 驱动情况糟糕,慎重选购。

Intel 没有提供闭源驱动(PowerVR 的除外)

适用人群:仅需要基本混成式桌面和上网需求的人群,由于 HDMI 的问题并不适合用作 HTPC。

AMD

闭源 Catalyst 驱动(以当下最新的 12.6 Beta 版本为例)

优点提供和 Win 平台几乎相近的性能。

对于最新产品的 0-day 支持。

提供对独立显卡和内置显卡的切换技术 PowerXpress 支持。

对具备 UVD2 以上显卡通过 XvBA 提供硬件解码支持。

对于 OpenCL 标准支持优秀。

具备较为齐全的调频调温及超频工具。

缺点对于新版本 Kernel 和 X.org 支持的速度慢半拍。

当下直接调用 XvBA 实现硬件解码的程序有限(仅 Fluendo Codec 和 XBMC 两个)。

当下 XvBA 不支持 H264 Level 5.1 的视频。

对于部分通过 Wine 运行的 3D 游戏兼容性不佳。

不再对 HD5000 之前的显卡提供支持。

目前不支持 KMS,短期内 Wayland 无望。

开源驱动(以 ATI 6.14.4 Mesa 8.0.3 为例)

优点官方提供开源驱动支持。

具备一定的电源管理能力。

稳定的 HDMI 视频输出。

各种开源驱动新进展的试验场,比如 OpenCL、XTracker、VDPAU Tracker 等。

缺点性能仅有闭源 Catalyst 驱动的 20%~50% 左右。

对于最新发布的硬件尚不支持,需约半年左右。

动态电源管理存在闪屏缺陷。

部分功能如 HDMI 音频输出、PCI-E 2.0 和 HyperZ 支持需要修改内核引导行才能启用。

不支持使用 UVD 组件进行硬件解码(仅能通过 Shader)。

适用人群:开源技术爱好者,OpenCL 开发者。若是用于游戏的话建议查询 Wine 的应用程序兼容性。

NVIDIA

闭源驱动

优点提供和 Win 平台几乎相近的性能。

对于最新产品 0-Day 支持。

对具备 PureVideo HD 的显卡通过 VDPAU 实现硬件解码支持。

存在大量支持通过 VDPAU 硬件解码程序,包括 Adobe Flash。

对于新内核和 X.org 支持响应及时。

绝佳的 CUDA 支持。

良好的 Wine 游戏支持。

对老显卡依然提供针对新内核和 X.org 的支持更新。

缺点官方不支持独立显卡和内置显卡的切换暨 Optimus 技术,需寻求社区解决方案 Bumblebee。

使用 PulseAudio 时需要手动配置 HDMI 音频输出。

不具备调频超频功能。

OpenCL 的性能和支持慢半拍。

恐怕永远都不会支持 KMS,Wayland 无望。

开源驱动(以 Nouveau 0.16 Mesa 8.0.3 为例)

优点偶尔能带来些惊喜,比如对于 Kepler 核心显卡的支持。

缺点没有任何来自官方的文档和支持,通过逆向工程得来,仅有一名来自 Red Hat 全职开发者。

对于各代显卡的支持情况不稳定。

部分显卡需要手动从闭源驱动中提取 Firmware。

性能仅为闭源驱动的 20%~30%。

基本等同于没有的电源管理。

不具备 HDMI 音频输出功能。

不支持通过 PureVideo HD 实现硬件解码。

适用人群:高清视频爱好者,3D 游戏爱好者,CUDA 开发者。

希望本文能给正在选购显卡的朋友一个参考,正是因为没有完美的 Linux 驱动支持,所以更要依据自身的需求理性选择并安装对应驱动程序。0b1331709591d260c1c78e86d0c51c18.png

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