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The MicroPython project

This is the MicroPython project, which aims to put an implementation

of Python 3.x on microcontrollers and small embedded systems.

You can find the official website at micropython.org.

WARNING: this project is in beta stage and is subject to changes of the

code-base, including project-wide name changes and API changes.

MicroPython implements the entire Python 3.4 syntax (including exceptions,

with, yield from, etc., and additionally async/await keywords from

Python 3.5). The following core datatypes are provided: str (including

basic Unicode support), bytes, bytearray, tuple, list, dict, set,

frozenset, array.array, collections.namedtuple, classes and instances.

Builtin modules include sys, time, and struct, etc. Select ports have

support for _thread module (multithreading). Note that only a subset of

Python 3 functionality is implemented for the data types and modules.

MicroPython can execute scripts in textual source form or from precompiled

bytecode, in both cases either from an on-device filesystem or "frozen" into

the MicroPython executable.

See the repository http://github.com/micropython/pyboard for the MicroPython

board (PyBoard), the officially supported reference electronic circuit board.

Major components in this repository:

py/ -- the core Python implementation, including compiler, runtime, and

core library.

mpy-cross/ -- the MicroPython cross-compiler which is used to turn scripts

into precompiled bytecode.

ports/unix/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Unix.

ports/stm32/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the PyBoard and similar

STM32 boards (using ST's Cube HAL drivers).

ports/minimal/ -- a minimal MicroPython port. Start with this if you want

to port MicroPython to another microcontroller.

tests/ -- test framework and test scripts.

docs/ -- user documentation in Sphinx reStructuredText format. Rendered

HTML documentation is available at http://docs.micropython.org.

Additional components:

ports/bare-arm/ -- a bare minimum version of MicroPython for ARM MCUs. Used

mostly to control code size.

ports/teensy/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the Teensy 3.1

(preliminary but functional).

ports/pic16bit/ -- a version of MicroPython for 16-bit PIC microcontrollers.

ports/cc3200/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on the CC3200 from TI.

ports/esp8266/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Espressif's ESP8266 SoC.

ports/esp32/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Espressif's ESP32 SoC.

ports/nrf/ -- a version of MicroPython that runs on Nordic's nRF51 and nRF52 MCUs.

extmod/ -- additional (non-core) modules implemented in C.

tools/ -- various tools, including the pyboard.py module.

examples/ -- a few example Python scripts.

The subdirectories above may include READMEs with additional info.

"make" is used to build the components, or "gmake" on BSD-based systems.

You will also need bash, gcc, and Python 3.3+ available as the command python3

(if your system only has Python 2.7 then invoke make with the additional option

PYTHON=python2).

The MicroPython cross-compiler, mpy-cross

Most ports require the MicroPython cross-compiler to be built first. This

program, called mpy-cross, is used to pre-compile Python scripts to .mpy

files which can then be included (frozen) into the firmware/executable for

a port. To build mpy-cross use:

$ cd mpy-cross

$ make

The Unix version

The "unix" port requires a standard Unix environment with gcc and GNU make.

x86 and x64 architectures are supported (i.e. x86 32- and 64-bit), as well

as ARM and MIPS. Making full-featured port to another architecture requires

writing some assembly code for the exception handling and garbage collection.

Alternatively, fallback implementation based on setjmp/longjmp can be used.

To build (see section below for required dependencies):

$ cd ports/unix

$ make submodules

$ make

Then to give it a try:

$ ./micropython

>>> list(5 * x + y for x in range(10) for y in [4, 2, 1])

Use CTRL-D (i.e. EOF) to exit the shell.

Learn about command-line options (in particular, how to increase heap size

which may be needed for larger applications):

$ ./micropython -h

Run complete testsuite:

$ make test

Unix version comes with a builtin package manager called upip, e.g.:

$ ./micropython -m upip install micropython-pystone

$ ./micropython -m pystone

Browse available modules on

PyPI.

Standard library modules come from

micropython-lib project.

External dependencies

Building MicroPython ports may require some dependencies installed.

For Unix port, libffi library and pkg-config tool are required. On

Debian/Ubuntu/Mint derivative Linux distros, install build-essential

(includes toolchain and make), libffi-dev, and pkg-config packages.

Other dependencies can be built together with MicroPython. This may

be required to enable extra features or capabilities, and in recent

versions of MicroPython, these may be enabled by default. To build

these additional dependencies, in the port directory you're

interested in (e.g. ports/unix/) first execute:

$ make submodules

This will fetch all the relevant git submodules (sub repositories) that

the port needs. Use the same command to get the latest versions of

submodules as they are updated from time to time. After that execute:

$ make deplibs

This will build all available dependencies (regardless whether they

are used or not). If you intend to build MicroPython with additional

options (like cross-compiling), the same set of options should be passed

to make deplibs. To actually enable/disable use of dependencies, edit

ports/unix/mpconfigport.mk file, which has inline descriptions of the options.

For example, to build SSL module (required for upip tool described above,

and so enabled by default), MICROPY_PY_USSL should be set to 1.

For some ports, building required dependences is transparent, and happens

automatically. But they still need to be fetched with the make submodules

command.

The STM32 version

The "stm32" port requires an ARM compiler, arm-none-eabi-gcc, and associated

bin-utils. For those using Arch Linux, you need arm-none-eabi-binutils,

arm-none-eabi-gcc and arm-none-eabi-newlib packages. Otherwise, try here:

https://launchpad.net/gcc-arm-embedded

To build:

$ cd ports/stm32

$ make submodules

$ make

You then need to get your board into DFU mode. On the pyboard, connect the

3V3 pin to the P1/DFU pin with a wire (on PYBv1.0 they are next to each other

on the bottom left of the board, second row from the bottom).

Then to flash the code via USB DFU to your device:

$ make deploy

This will use the included tools/pydfu.py script. If flashing the firmware

does not work it may be because you don't have the correct permissions, and

need to use sudo make deploy.

See the README.md file in the ports/stm32/ directory for further details.

Contributing

MicroPython is an open-source project and welcomes contributions. To be

productive, please be sure to follow the

Contributors' Guidelines

and the Code Conventions.

Note that MicroPython is licenced under the MIT license, and all contributions

should follow this license.