python动态方法_Python 动态添加类方法

习题：

1. Shape基类，要求所有子类都必须提供面积的计算，子类有三角形、矩形、圆。

2. 上题圆类的数据可序列化

第一种方法：使用Mixin多继承组合的方式，混入其它类的属性和方法

第二种方法：使用装饰器装饰类，动态添加属性和方法

实例：

import math

import json

import msgpack

import pickle

class Shape:

"""防止直接调用父类的area方法"""

@property

def area(self):

raise NotImplementedError('基类未实现')

class Triangle(Shape):

"""三角形"""

def __init__(self,a,b,c):

self.a = a

self.b = b

self.c = c

@property

def area(self):

p = (self.a+self.b+self.c)/2

return math.sqrt(p*(p-self.a)*(p-self.b)*(p-self.c))

class Rectangle(Shape):

"""矩形"""

def __init__(self,width,height):

self.width = width

self.height = height

@property

def area(self):

return self.width * self.height

def SerializableCircle(cls):

""" 1.装饰器为类动态添加dumps方法"""

# print(cls)

def dumps(self,t='json'):

if t == 'json':

return json.dumps(self.__dict__)

elif t == 'msgpack':

return msgpack.packb(self.__dict__)

elif t == 'pickle':

with open('dump.txt','wb') as f:

return pickle.dump(self.__dict__,f)

else:

raise NotImplementedError('没有实现的序列化')

cls.dumps = dumps

return cls

@SerializableCircle # Circle=SerializableCircle(Circle)

class Circle(Shape):

"""圆形"""

def __init__(self,radius):

self.radius = radius

@property

def area(self):

return (self.radius ** 2) * math.pi

# def dumps(self,t='json'):

# if t == 'json':

# return json.dumps(self.__dict__)

# elif t == 'msgpack':

# return msgpack.packb(self.__dict__)

# elif t == 'pickle':

# with open('dump.txt','wb') as f:

# return pickle.dump(self.__dict__,f)

# else:

# raise NotImplementedError('没有实现的序列化')

# sc = Circle(4)

# sc.dumps('pickle')

class SerializableMixin:

"""序列化"""

def dumps(self,t='json'):

if t == 'json':

return json.dumps(self.__dict__)

elif t == 'msgpack':

return msgpack.packb(self.__dict__)

elif t == 'pickle':

with open('dump.txt','wb') as f:

return pickle.dump(self.__dict__,f)

else:

raise NotImplementedError('没有实现的序列化')

def loads(self,t='json'):

pass

class SerializableCircleMixin(SerializableMixin,Circle):

""" 2.Mixin组合为类动态添加dumps方法"""

pass

shapes = [Triangle(3,4,5), Rectangle(3,4), Circle(4)]

for s in shapes:

print('The area of {} = {}'.format(s.__class__.__name__,s.area))

#Mixin

scm = SerializableCircleMixin(4)

print(scm.area)

s = scm.dumps('msgpack')

print(s)

#装饰器

sc = Circle(4)

s = sc.dumps('json')

print(s)