narginchk的输出参数太多_关于gradient函数输出参数太多的错误

function varargout = gradient(f,varargin)

%GRADIENT Approximate gradient.

%   [FX,FY] = GRADIENT(F) returns the numerical gradient of the

%   matrix F. FX corresponds to dF/dx, the differences in x (horizontal)

%   direction. FY corresponds to dF/dy, the differences in y (vertical)

%   direction. The spacing between points in each direction is assumed to

%   be one. When F is a vector, DF = GRADIENT(F) is the 1-D gradient.

%

%   [FX,FY] = GRADIENT(F,H), where H is a scalar, uses H as the

%   spacing between points in each direction.

%

%   [FX,FY] = GRADIENT(F,HX,HY), when F is 2-D, uses the spacing

%   specified by HX and HY. HX and HY can either be scalars to specify

%   the spacing between coordinates or vectors to specify the

%   coordinates of the points.  If HX and HY are vectors, their length

%   must match the corresponding dimension of F.

%

%   [FX,FY,FZ] = GRADIENT(F), when F is a 3-D array, returns the

%   numerical gradient of F. FZ corresponds to dF/dz, the differences

%   in the z direction. GRADIENT(F,H), where H is a scalar,

%   uses H as the spacing between points in each direction.

%

%   [FX,FY,FZ] = GRADIENT(F,HX,HY,HZ) uses the spacing given by

%   HX, HY, HZ.

%

%   [FX,FY,FZ,...] = GRADIENT(F,...) extends similarly when F is N-D

%   and must be invoked with N outputs and either 2 or N+1 inputs.

%

%   Note: The first output FX is always the gradient along the 2nd

%   dimension of F, going across columns.  The second output FY is always

%   the gradient along the 1st dimension of F, going across rows.  For the

%   third output FZ and the outputs that follow, the Nth output is the

%   gradient along the Nth dimension of F.

%

%   Examples:

%       [x,y] = meshgrid(-2:.2:2, -2:.2:2);

%       z = x .* exp(-x.^2 - y.^2);

%       [px,py] = gradient(z,.2,.2);

%       contour(z), hold on, quiver(px,py), hold off

%

%   Class support for input F:

%      float: double, single

%

%   See also DIFF, DEL2.

%   Copyright 1984-2015 The MathWorks, Inc.

[f,ndim,loc,rflag] = parse_inputs(f,varargin);

nargoutchk(0,ndim);

% Loop over each dimension.

varargout = cell(1,ndim);

siz = size(f);

% first dimension

g  = zeros(size(f),class(f)); % case of singleton dimension

h = loc{1}(:);

n = siz(1);

% Take forward differences on left and right edges

if n > 1

g(1,:) = (f(2,:) - f(1,:))/(h(2)-h(1));

g(n,:) = (f(n,:) - f(n-1,:))/(h(end)-h(end-1));

end

% Take centered differences on interior points

if n > 2

g(2:n-1,:) = (f(3:n,:)-f(1:n-2,:)) ./ (h(3:n) - h(1:n-2));

end

varargout{1} = g;

% second dimensions and beyond

if ndim == 2

% special case 2-D matrices to support sparse matrices,

% which lack support for N-D operations including reshape

% and indexing

n = siz(2);

h = reshape(loc{2},1,[]);

g = zeros(size(f),class(f));

% Take forward differences on left and right edges

if n > 1

g(:,1) = (f(:,2) - f(:,1))/(h(2)-h(1));

g(:,n) = (f(:,n) - f(:,n-1))/(h(end)-h(end-1));

end

% Take centered differences on interior points

if n > 2

h = h(3:n) - h(1:n-2);

g(:,2:n-1) = (f(:,3:n) - f(:,1:n-2)) ./ h;

end

varargout{2} = g;

elseif ndim > 2

% N-D case

for k = 2:ndim

n = siz(k);

newsiz = [prod(siz(1:k-1)) siz(k) prod(siz(k+1:end))];

nf = reshape(f,newsiz);

h = reshape(loc{k},1,[]);

g  = zeros(size(nf),class(nf)); % case of singleton dimension

% Take forward differences on left and right edges

if n > 1

g(:,1,:) = (nf(:,2,:) - nf(:,1,:))/(h(2)-h(1));

g(:,n,:) = (nf(:,n,:) - nf(:,n-1,:))/(h(end)-h(end-1));

end

% Take centered differences on interior points

if n > 2

h = h(3:n) - h(1:n-2);

g(:,2:n-1,:) = (nf(:,3:n,:) - nf(:,1:n-2,:)) ./ h;

end

varargout{k} = reshape(g,siz);

end

end

% Swap 1 and 2 since x is the second dimension and y is the first.

if ndim > 1

varargout(2:-1:1) = varargout(1:2);

elseif rflag

varargout{1} = varargout{1}.';

end

%-------------------------------------------------------

function [f,ndim,loc,rflag] = parse_inputs(f,v)

%PARSE_INPUTS

%   [ERR,F,LOC,RFLAG] = PARSE_INPUTS(F,V) returns the spacing

%   LOC along the x,y,z,... directions and a row vector

%   flag RFLAG.

loc = {};

% Flag vector case and row vector case.

ndim = ndims(f);

vflag = false;

rflag = false;

if isvector(f)

ndim = 1;

vflag = true;

if isrow(f) % Treat row vector as a column vector

rflag = true;

f = f.';

end

end;

indx = size(f);

% Default step sizes: hx = hy = hz = 1

if isempty(v)

% gradient(f)

loc = cell(1, ndims(f));

for k = 1:ndims(f)

loc(k) = {1:indx(k)};

end

elseif isscalar(v) % gradient(f,h)

% Expand scalar step size

if isscalar(v{1})

loc = cell(1, ndims(f));

for k = 1:ndims(f)

h = v{1};

loc(k) = {h*(1:indx(k))};

end

% Check for vector case

elseif vflag

loc(1) = v(1);

else

error(message('MATLAB:gradient:InvalidInputs'));

end

elseif ndims(f) == numel(v)  % gradient(f,hx,hy,hz,...)

% Swap 1 and 2 since x is the second dimension and y is the first.

loc = v;

if ndim > 1

loc(2:-1:1) = loc(1:2);

end

% replace any scalar step-size with corresponding position vector

for k = 1:ndims(f)

if isscalar(loc{k})

loc{k} = loc{k}*(1:indx(k));

end

end

else

error(message('MATLAB:gradient:InvalidInputs'));

end