php和nodejs和readline,（转）NodeJS学习笔记 ---逐行读取-readline

模块预览

readline是个非常实用的模块。如名字所示，主要用来实现逐行读取，比如读取用户输入，或者读取文件内容。常见使用场景有下面几种:

文件逐行读取：比如说进行日志分析；

自动完成：比如输入npm，自动提示"help init install"；

命令行工具：比如npm init这种问答式的脚手架工具。

基础例子

先来看个简单的例子，要求用户输入一个单词，然后自动转成大写

const readline = require('readline');

const rl = readline.createInterface({

input: process.stdin,

output: process.stdout

});

rl.question('Please input a word: ', function(answer){

console.log('You have entered [%s]', answer.toUpperCase());

rl.close();

});

运行如下：

Please input a word: hello

You have entered {HELLO}

例子：文件逐行读取：日志分析

比如我们有如下日志文件access.log，我们想要提取“访问时间+访问地址”，借助readline可以很方便的完成日志分析的工作。

[2016-12-09 13:56:48.407] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/account/user.html HTTP/1.1" 200 213125 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/login.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"

[2016-12-09 14:00:10.618] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/contract/underlying.html HTTP/1.1" 200 216376 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"

[2016-12-09 14:00:34.200] [INFO] access - ::ffff:127.0.0.1 - - "GET /oc/v/contract/underlying.html HTTP/1.1" 200 216376 "http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html" "Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_11_4) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/54.0.2840.98 Safari/537.36"

代码如下：

const readline = require('readline');

const fs = require('fs');

const rl = readline.createInterface({

input: fs.createReadStream('./access.log')

});

rl.on('line', (line) => {

const arr = line.split(' ');

console.log('访问时间：%s %s，访问地址：%s', arr[0], arr[1], arr[13]);

});

运行结果如下：

访问时间：[2016-12-09 13:56:48.407]，访问地址："http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/login.html"

访问时间：[2016-12-09 14:00:10.618]，访问地址："http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html"

访问时间：[2016-12-09 14:00:34.200]，访问地址："http://www.example.com/oc/v/account/user.html"

例子：自动完成：代码提示

这里我们实现一个简单的自动完成功能，当用户输入npm时，按tab键，自动提示用户可选的子命令，如help、init、install。

输入np，按下tab：自动补全为npm

输入npm in，按下tab：自动提示可选子命令 init、install

输入npm inst，按下tab：自动补全为 npm install

代码如下：

const readline = require('readline');

const fs = require('fs');

function completer(line) {

const command = 'npm';

const subCommands = ['help', 'init', 'install'];

// 输入为空，或者为npm的一部分，则tab补全为npm

if(line.length < command.length){

return [command.indexOf(line) === 0 ? [command] : [], line];

}

// 输入 npm，tab提示 help init install

// 输入 npm in，tab提示 init install

let hits = subCommands.filter(function(subCommand){

const lineTrippedCommand = line.replace(command, '').trim();

return lineTrippedCommand && subCommand.indexOf( lineTrippedCommand ) === 0;

})

if(hits.length === 1){

hits = hits.map(function(hit){

return [command, hit].join(' ');

});

}

return [hits.length ? hits : subCommands, line];

}

const rl = readline.createInterface({

input: process.stdin,

output: process.stdout,

completer: completer

});

rl.prompt();

代码运行效果如下，当输入npm in，按下tab键，则会自动提示可选子命令init、install。

> npm in

init install

例子：命令行工具：npmt init

下面借助readline实现一个迷你版的npm init功能，运行脚本时，会依次要求用户输入name、version、author属性(其他略过)。

这里用到的是rl.question(msg, cbk)这个方法，它会在控制台输入一行提示，当用户完成输入，敲击回车，cbk就会被调用，并把用户输入作为参数传入。

const readline = require('readline');

const fs = require('fs');

const rl = readline.createInterface({

input: process.stdin,

output: process.stdout,

prompt: 'OHAI> '

});

const preHint = `

This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.

It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.

See \`npm help json\` for definitive documentation on these fields

and exactly what they do.

Use \`npm install --save\` afterwards to install a package and

save it as a dependency in the package.json file.

Press ^C at any time to quit.

`;

console.log(preHint);

// 问题

let questions = [ 'name', 'version', 'author'];

// 默认答案

let defaultAnswers = [ 'name', '1.0.0', 'none' ];

// 用户答案

let answers = [];

let index = 0;

function createPackageJson(){

var map = {};

questions.forEach(function(question, index){

map[question] = answers[index];

});

fs.writeFileSync('./package.json', JSON.stringify(map, null, 4));

}

function runQuestionLoop() {

if(index === questions.length) {

createPackageJson();

rl.close();

return;

}

let defaultAnswer = defaultAnswers[index];

let question = questions[index] + ': (' + defaultAnswer +') ';

rl.question(question, function(answer){

answers.push(answer || defaultAnswer);

index++;

runQuestionLoop();

});

}

runQuestionLoop();

运行效果如下，最后还像模像样的生成了package.json。

This utility will walk you through creating a package.json file.

It only covers the most common items, and tries to guess sensible defaults.

See `npm help json` for definitive documentation on these fields

and exactly what they do.

Use `npm install --save` afterwards to install a package and

save it as a dependency in the package.json file.

Press ^C at any time to quit.

name: (name) hello

version: (1.0.0) 0.0.1

author: (none) chyingp

写在后面

有不少基于readline的有趣的工具，比如各种脚手架工具。限于篇幅不展开，感兴趣的同学可以研究下。

相关链接