go json 自定义_Go JSON 自定义事件格式解析

Go语言内置的 json 包使用RFC3339标准中定义的时间格式，对我们序列化时间字段的时候有很多限制：

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

type Post struct {
	CreateTime time.Time `json:"create_time"`
}

func timeFieldDemo() {
	p1 := Post{CreateTime: time.Now()}
	b, err := json.Marshal(p1)
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("json.Marshal p1 failed, err:%vn", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("str:%sn", b)
	// str:{"create_time":"2020-12-06T12:22:48.9799258+08:00"}
	jsonStr := `{"create_time":"2020-12-06 12:22:10"}`
	var p2 Post
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &p2); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("json.Unmarshal failed, err:%vn", err)
		// json.Unmarshal failed, err:parsing time ""2020-12-06 12:22:10"" as ""2006-01-02T15:04:05Z07:00"": cannot parse " 12:22:10"" as "T"
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("p2:%#vn", p2)
}

func main() {
	timeFieldDemo()
}

也就是内置的json包不识别我们常用的字符串时间格式，如2020-12-06 12:22:10，不过可以通过实现json.Marshaler/json.Unmarshaler接口实现自定义的事件格式解析

首先你需要知道的是，如果你能够为某个类型实现了MarshalJSON()([]byte, error)和UnmarshalJSON(b []byte) error方法，那么这个类型在序列化（MarshalJSON）/反序列化（UnmarshalJSON）时就会使用你定制的相应方法

package main

import (
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"time"
)

const timeLayout = "2006-01-02 15:04:05"

type PostDemo struct {
	Title       string    `json:"title"`
	CreatedTime time.Time `json:"created_time"`
}

func (t *PostDemo) MarshalJSON() ([]byte, error) {
	type TempPostDemo PostDemo  // 定义与PostDemo字段一致的新类型
	return json.Marshal(struct {
		CreatedTime string `json:"created_time"`
		*TempPostDemo  // // 避免直接嵌套PostDemo进入死循环
	}{
		CreatedTime:  t.CreatedTime.Format(timeLayout),
		TempPostDemo: (*TempPostDemo)(t),
	})
}

func (t *PostDemo) UnmarshalJSON(bytes []byte) error {
	type TempPostDemo PostDemo
	ot := struct {
		CreatedTime string `json:"created_time"`
		*TempPostDemo
	}{
		TempPostDemo: (*TempPostDemo)(t),
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(bytes, &ot); err != nil {
		return err
	}
	var err error
	t.CreatedTime, err = time.Parse(timeLayout, ot.CreatedTime)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	return nil
}

func main() {
	t1 := PostDemo{
		Title:       "编程时光",
		CreatedTime: time.Now(),
	}
	// 通过自定义的MarshalJSON方法实现struct -> json string
	b, err := json.Marshal(&t1) // 此处传入指针类型
	if err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("json.Marshal failed, err:%vn", err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("str:%sn", b)
	// 通过自定义的UnmarshalJSON方法实现json string -> struct
	jsonStr := `{"created_time":"2020-12-06 12:28:45","title":"编程时光"}`
	var t2 PostDemo
	if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &t2); err != nil {
		fmt.Printf("json.Unmarshal failed, err:%vn", err)
		return
	}
	fmt.Printf("t2:%#vn", t2)
}

// str:{"created_time":"2020-12-06 22:10:44","title":"编程时光"}
// t2:main.PostDemo{Title:"编程时光", CreatedTime:time.Time{wall:0x0, ext:63742854525, loc:(*time.Location)(nil)}}