在c++中,有三种正则可以选择使用,C ++regex,C regex,boost regex ,如果在windows下开发c++,默认不支持后面两种正则,如果想快速应用,显然C++ regex 比较方便使用。文章将讨论C++ regex 正则表达式的使用。
C++ regex函数有3个:regex_match、 regex_search 、regex_replace
regex_match
regex_match是正则表达式匹配的函数,下面以例子说明。如果想系统的了解,参考regex_match
// regex_match example
#include
#include
#include
int main ()
{
if (std::regex_match ("subject", std::regex("(sub)(.*)") ))
std::cout <
std::string s ("subject");
std::regex e ("(sub)(.*)");
if (std::regex_match (s,e))
std::cout <
if ( std::regex_match ( s.begin(), s.end(), e ) )
std::cout <
std::cmatch cm; // same as std::match_results cm;
std::regex_match ("subject",cm,e);
std::cout <
std::smatch sm; // same as std::match_results<:const_iterator> sm;
std::regex_match (s,sm,e);
std::cout <
std::regex_match ( s.cbegin(), s.cend(), sm, e);
std::cout <
// using explicit flags:
std::regex_match ( "subject", cm, e, std::regex_constants::match_default );
std::cout <
for (unsigned i=0; i
std::cout <
}
std::cout <
return 0;
}输出如下:
string literal matched
string object matched
range matched
string literal with 3 matches
string object with 3 matches
range with 3 matches
the matches were: [subject] [sub] [ject]
regex_search
regex_match是另外一个正则表达式匹配的函数,下面是regex_search的例子。regex_search和regex_match的主要区别是:regex_match是全词匹配,而regex_search是搜索其中匹配的字符串。如果想系统了解,请参考regex_search
// regex_search example
#include
#include
#include
int main(){
std::string s ("this subject has a submarine as a subsequence");
std::smatch m;
std::regex e ("\\b(sub)([^ ]*)"); // matches words beginning by "sub"
std::cout <
std::cout <
std::cout <
while (std::regex_search (s,m,e)) {
for (auto x=m.begin();x!=m.end();x++)
std::cout <str() <
std::cout < ([^ ]*) match " <
s = m.suffix().str();
}
}
输出如下:
Target sequence: this subject has a submarine as a subsequence
Regular expression: /\b(sub)([^ ]*)/
The following matches and submatches were found:
subject sub ject --> ([^ ]*) match ject
submarine sub marine --> ([^ ]*) match marine
subsequence sub sequence --> ([^ ]*) match sequence
/******** 无情的分割线 ********* /
作者:没有开花的树
博客:blog.csdn.net/mycwq
/ ******* 无情的copy *********/regex_replace
regex_replace是替换正则表达式匹配内容的函数,下面是regex_replace的例子。如果想系统了解,请参考regex_replace
#include
#include
int main() {
char buf[20];
const char *first = "axayaz";
const char *last = first + strlen(first);
std::regex rx("a");
std::string fmt("A");
std::regex_constants::match_flag_type fonly =
std::regex_constants::format_first_only;
*std::regex_replace(&buf[0], first, last, rx, fmt) = '\0';
std::cout <
*std::regex_replace(&buf[0], first, last, rx, fmt, fonly) = '\0';
std::cout <
std::string str("adaeaf");
std::cout <
std::cout <
return 0;
}输出如下:
AxAyAz
Axayaz
AdAeAf
Adaeaf
C++ regex正则表达式的规则和其他编程语言差不多,如下:
特殊字符(用于匹配很难形容的字符):
characters
description
matches
.
not newline
any character except line terminators (LF, CR, LS, PS).
\t
tab (HT)
a horizontal tab character (same as \u0009).
\n
newline (LF)
a newline (line feed) character (same as \u000A).
\v
vertical tab (VT)
a vertical tab character (same as \u000B).
\f
form feed (FF)
a form feed character (same as \u000C).
\r
carriage return (CR)
a carriage return character (same as \u000D).
\cletter
control code
a control code character whose code unit value is the same as the remainder of dividing the code unit value of letter by 32.
For example: \ca is the same as \u0001, \cb the same as \u0002, and so on...
\xhh
ASCII character
a character whose code unit value has an hex value equivalent to the two hex digits hh.
For example: \x4c is the same as L, or \x23 the same as #.
\uhhhh
unicode character
a character whose code unit value has an hex value equivalent to the four hex digitshhhh.
\0
null
a null character (same as \u0000).
\int
backreference
the result of the submatch whose opening parenthesis is the int-th (int shall begin by a digit other than 0). See groups below for more info.
\d
digit
a decimal digit character
\D
not digit
any character that is not a decimal digit character
\s
whitespace
a whitespace character
\S
not whitespace
any character that is not a whitespace character
\w
word
an alphanumeric or underscore character
\W
not word
any character that is not an alphanumeric or underscore character
\character
character
the character character as it is, without interpreting its special meaning within a regex expression.
Any character can be escaped except those which form any of the special character sequences above.
Needed for: ^ $ \ . * + ? ( ) [ ] { } |
[class]
character class
the target character is part of the class
[^class]
negated character class
the target character is not part of the class
注意了,在C++反斜杠字符(\)会被转义
std::regex e1 ("\\d"); // \d -> 匹配数字字符
std::regex e2 ("\\\\"); // \\ -> 匹配反斜杠字符
数量:
characters
times
effects
*
0 or more
The preceding atom is matched 0 or more times.
+
1 or more
The preceding atom is matched 1 or more times.
?
0 or 1
The preceding atom is optional (matched either 0 times or once).
{int}
int
The preceding atom is matched exactly int times.
{int,}
int or more
The preceding atom is matched int or more times.
{min,max}
between min and max
The preceding atom is matched at least min times, but not more than max.
注意了,模式 "(a+).*" 匹配 "aardvark" 将匹配到 aa,模式 "(a+?).*" 匹配 "aardvark" 将匹配到 a
组(用以匹配连续的多个字符):
characters
description
effects
(subpattern)
Group
Creates a backreference.
(?:subpattern)
Passive group
Does not create a backreference.
注意了,第一种将创建一个反向引用,用于提取匹配到的内容,第二种则没有,相对来说性能方面也没这部分的开销
characters
description
condition for match
^
Beginning of line
Either it is the beginning of the target sequence, or follows a line terminator.
$
End of line
Either it is the end of the target sequence, or precedes a line terminator.
|
Separator
Separates two alternative patterns or subpatterns..
单个字符
[abc] 匹配 a, b 或 c.
[^xyz] 匹配任何非 x, y, z的字符
范围
[a-z] 匹配任何小写字母 (a, b, c, ..., z).
[abc1-5] 匹配 a, b , c, 或 1 到 5 的数字.
c++ regex还有一种类POSIX的写法
class
description
equivalent (with regex_traits, default locale)
[:alnum:]
alpha-numerical character
isalnum
[:alpha:]
alphabetic character
isalpha
[:blank:]
blank character
isblank
[:cntrl:]
control character
iscntrl
[:digit:]
decimal digit character
isdigit
[:graph:]
character with graphical representation
isgraph
[:lower:]
lowercase letter
islower
[:print:]
printable character
isprint
[:punct:]
punctuation mark character
ispunct
[:space:]
whitespace character
isspace
[:upper:]
uppercase letter
isupper
[:xdigit:]
hexadecimal digit character
isxdigit
[:d:]
decimal digit character
isdigit
[:w:]
word character
isalnum
[:s:]
whitespace character
isspace
参考:
http://blog.csdn.NET/mycwq/article/details/18838151
http://www.cplusplus.com/reference/regex/