java中的api有源码_Java 反射源码（基于API 29 JDK8）

反射原理

先看一段java反射使用的代码：

public class RefTest {

@Test

public void main() {

try {

// 加载class对象

Class clazz = Class.forName("cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student");

// 获取所有公开构造函数

Constructor[] constructors = clazz.getConstructors();

for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {

System.out.println("1："+constructor);

}

// 获取所有构造函数

constructors = clazz.getDeclaredConstructors();

for (Constructor constructor : constructors) {

System.out.println("2："+constructor);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------");

// 调用protected构造

Constructor con = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(String.class);

con.setAccessible(true);

Object o = con.newInstance("rabi");

// 调用private构造

con = clazz.getDeclaredConstructor(int.class);

con.setAccessible(true);

o = con.newInstance(11);

// 调用公有无参构造

con = clazz.getConstructor(null);

o = con.newInstance();

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------");

// 获取所有公有字段

Field[] fields = clazz.getFields();

for (Field field : fields) {

System.out.println("3："+field);

}

// 获取所有字段

fields = clazz.getDeclaredFields();

for (Field field : fields) {

System.out.println("4："+field);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------");

// 获取公有字段并赋值

Field field = clazz.getField("name");

field.set(o,"mavis");

// 获取私有字段并赋值

field = clazz.getDeclaredField("age");

field.setAccessible(true);

field.set(o,11);

// 输出当前状态

Student student = (Student) o;

System.out.println(student.getName()+":"+student.getAge());

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------");

// 获取所有公有方法

Method[] methods = clazz.getMethods();

for (Method method : methods) {

System.out.println("5："+method);

}

// 获取所有方法

methods = clazz.getDeclaredMethods();

for (Method method : methods) {

System.out.println("6："+method);

}

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------");

// 获取公有方法调用

Method method = clazz.getMethod("setName", String.class);

method.invoke(o,"rabi");

System.out.println(student.getName()+":"+student.getAge());

// 获取私有方法并调用

method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("setAge", int.class);

method.setAccessible(true);

method.invoke(o,17);

System.out.println(student.getName()+":"+student.getAge());

// 调用protected方法

method = clazz.getDeclaredMethod("getInfo");

method.setAccessible(true);

method.invoke(o);

System.out.println("----------------------------------------------------------------");

} catch (ClassNotFoundException | NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException | InstantiationException | InvocationTargetException | NoSuchFieldException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

// 新建一个Student类

public class Student {

public String name;

private int age;

public Student() {

System.out.println("Student()");

}

private Student(int age) {

this.age = age;

System.out.println("Student(int age)");

}

protected Student(String name) {

this.name = name;

System.out.println("Student(int name)");

}

public String getName() {

return name;

}

public void setName(String name) {

this.name = name;

}

public int getAge() {

return age;

}

private void setAge(int age) {

this.age = age;

}

protected void getInfo() {

System.out.println(name+":"+age);

}

}

上面这段代码的测试结果如下：

1：public cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student()

2：public cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student()

2：private cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student(int)

2：protected cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student(java.lang.String)

----------------------------------------------------------------

Student(int name)

Student(int age)

Student()

----------------------------------------------------------------

3：public java.lang.String cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.name

4：public java.lang.String cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.name

4：private int cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.age

----------------------------------------------------------------

mavis:11

----------------------------------------------------------------

5：public int cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.getAge()

5：public java.lang.String cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.getName()

5：public void cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.setName(java.lang.String)

5：public final void java.lang.Object.wait(long,int) throws java.lang.InterruptedException

5：public final native void java.lang.Object.wait(long) throws java.lang.InterruptedException

5：public final void java.lang.Object.wait() throws java.lang.InterruptedException

5：public boolean java.lang.Object.equals(java.lang.Object)

5：public java.lang.String java.lang.Object.toString()

5：public native int java.lang.Object.hashCode()

5：public final native java.lang.Class java.lang.Object.getClass()

5：public final native void java.lang.Object.notify()

5：public final native void java.lang.Object.notifyAll()

6：private void cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.setAge(int)

6：protected void cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.getInfo()

6：public int cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.getAge()

6：public java.lang.String cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.getName()

6：public void cn.com.rabi.demotest.bean.Student.setName(java.lang.String)

----------------------------------------------------------------

rabi:11

rabi:17

rabi:17

----------------------------------------------------------------

这里我们取其中调用调用公有的空构造方法，然后调用公有的setName方法进行分析。

首先是获取class，查看源码：

public static Class> forName(String className)

throws ClassNotFoundException {

Class> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();

return forName(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller));

}

public static Class> forName(String name, boolean initialize,

ClassLoader loader)

throws ClassNotFoundException

{

if (loader == null) {

loader = BootClassLoader.getInstance();

}

Class> result;

try {

result = classForName(name, initialize, loader);

} catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {

Throwable cause = e.getCause();

if (cause instanceof LinkageError) {

throw (LinkageError) cause;

}

throw e;

}

return result;

}

可以看到这里是调用的ClassLoader获取了class对象并返回，然后获取公有无参构造函数，查看源码：

public Constructor getConstructor(Class>... parameterTypes)

throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {

return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC);

}

private Constructor getConstructor0(Class>[] parameterTypes,

int which) throws NoSuchMethodException

{

// 这里我们传入的参数是null

if (parameterTypes == null) {

parameterTypes = EmptyArray.CLASS;

}

for (Class> c : parameterTypes) {

if (c == null) {

throw new NoSuchMethodException("parameter type is null");

}

}

Constructor result = getDeclaredConstructorInternal(parameterTypes);

if (result == null || which == Member.PUBLIC && !Modifier.isPublic(result.getAccessFlags())) {

throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ". "

+ Arrays.toString(parameterTypes));

}

return result;

}

这里的getDeclaredConstructorInternal是native方法，返回Constructor对象，查看其newInstance方法：

public T newInstance(Object ... initargs)

throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException,

IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException

{

if (serializationClass == null) {

return newInstance0(initargs);

} else {

return (T) newInstanceFromSerialization(serializationCtor, serializationClass);

}

}

这里也是调用的native方法，返回了T对象，其中serializationClass!=null的情况会有一次类型转换。接着往下看，获取公有方法的getMethod函数和获取所有方法的getDeclaredMethods函数：

@CallerSensitive

public Method getMethod(String name, Class>... parameterTypes)

throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {

return getMethod(name, parameterTypes, true);

}

public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class>... parameterTypes)

throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {

return getMethod(name, parameterTypes, false);

}

private Method getMethod(String name, Class>[] parameterTypes, boolean recursivePublicMethods)

throws NoSuchMethodException {

// 方法名不能为空

if (name == null) {

throw new NullPointerException("name == null");

}

// 如果没有参数

if (parameterTypes == null) {

parameterTypes = EmptyArray.CLASS;

}

// 检查参数对象中是否有null

for (Class> c : parameterTypes) {

if (c == null) {

throw new NoSuchMethodException("parameter type is null");

}

}

// 获取公有方法的时候这里为true

// getPublicMethodRecursive是一个native方法，最终返回一个method对象

Method result = recursivePublicMethods ? getPublicMethodRecursive(name, parameterTypes)

: getDeclaredMethodInternal(name, parameterTypes);

// Fail if we didn't find the method or it was expected to be public.

// 检查public

if (result == null ||

(recursivePublicMethods && !Modifier.isPublic(result.getAccessFlags()))) {

throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + " "

+ Arrays.toString(parameterTypes));

}

return result;

}

private Method getPublicMethodRecursive(String name, Class>[] parameterTypes) {

// 遍历继承类

for (Class> c = this; c != null; c = c.getSuperclass()) {

// 找到该方法

Method result = c.getDeclaredMethodInternal(name, parameterTypes);

// 判断该方法是否是公有的

if (result != null && Modifier.isPublic(result.getAccessFlags())) {

return result;

}

}

return findInterfaceMethod(name, parameterTypes);

}

可以看到两个方法的区别就是传入getMethod的第三个参数true/false，之后返回一个Method对象，查看invoke方法：

public native Object invoke(Object obj, Object... args)

throws IllegalAccessException, IllegalArgumentException, InvocationTargetException;

这里返回的也是一个Object对象。感觉jdk8和jdk12在这部分的差异挺大的，具体相信部分可以参考末尾的《大家都说 Java 反射效率低，你知道原因在哪里么》一文。

分析源码之后，我们这里也回答一下为什么反射效率低：

1.校验参数，当传递参数类的时候，需要校验参数类型。

2.方法查找，无论是公有还是私有，都是遍历的操作。

3.类型转换，参数以class>传入的，返回值是object的时候需要转换为T。

感觉意犹未尽，待续。

参考文献