在vmware中实现给linux添加硬盘
实验环境：Oracle linux5.2 ，vmware workstation 8.0
主机名：oel11g
一、添加虚拟磁盘
“setting” -->”Add”à-->“Hard Disk” --> create a new virtual disk -->SCSI--? 磁盘大小20.0G(大小自定)-->“Disk file”保持默认finish-->OK
二、登陆到虚拟机操作系统
[root@oel11g ~]# reboot
………….
重启以后登陆
[root@oel11g ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb doesn't contain a valid partition table
[root@oel11g ~]#
会出现一块 /dev/sdb的磁盘，正是我们刚刚添加的磁盘信息
三、创建分区
[root@oel11g ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb
Device contains neither a valid DOS partition table, nor Sun, SGI or OSF disklabel
Building a new DOS disklabel. Changes will remain in memory only,
until you decide to write them. After that, of course, the previous
content won't be recoverable.
The number of cylinders for this disk is set to 2610.
There is nothing wrong with that, but this is larger than 1024,
and could in certain setups cause problems with:
1) software that runs at boot time (e.g., old versions of LILO)
2) booting and partitioning software from other OSs
(e.g., DOS FDISK, OS/2 FDISK)
Warning: invalid flag 0x0000 of partition table 4 will be corrected by w(rite)
Command (m for help):_n_······输入n 创建一个新的分区
Command action
e extended
p primary partition (1-4)······ 一到四个主要分区
p ······创建一个主要分区
Partition number (1-4): 1 ······创建一个新主分区，区号为1
First cylinder (1-2610, default 1): ___······柱面 默认1
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-2610, default 2610): +2G ······指定分区大小
Command (m for help): w······保存
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.
四、创建文件系统并且使用mount挂载磁盘
查看创建完成的磁盘信息
[root@oel11g ~]# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sda1 * 1 13 104391 83 Linux
/dev/sda2 14 2610 20860402+ 8e Linux LVM
Disk /dev/sdb: 21.4 GB, 21474836480 bytes
255 heads, 63 sectors/track, 2610 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 16065 * 512 = 8225280 bytes
Device Boot Start End Blocks Id System
/dev/sdb1 1 244 1959898+ 83 Linux
[root@oel11g ~]#
[root@oel11g ~]# mkfs.
mkfs.cramfs mkfs.ext2 mkfs.ext3 mkfs.msdos mkfs.vfat
[root@oel11g ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb1
mke2fs 1.39 (29-May-2006)
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
245280 inodes, 489974 blocks
24498 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=503316480
15 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
16352 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks:
32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912
Writing inode tables: done
Creating journal (8192 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: done
This filesystem will be automatically checked every 26 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first. Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.
[root@oel11g ~]# mkdir /disk ·······创建一个目录
[root@oel11g ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /disk······ 挂载刚刚添加的硬盘
[root@oel11g ~]# df –l ······查看挂载信息
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Available Use% Mounted on
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00
18219452 13335188 3943824 78% /
/dev/sda1 101086 11833 84034 13% /boot
tmpfs 517644 0 517644 0% /dev/shm
/dev/sdb1 1929068 35688 1795388 2% /disk
用户同样可以通过查看mtab来查看当前操作系统磁盘挂载情况
[root@oel11g disk]# cat /etc/mtab
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 / ext3 rw 0 0
proc /proc proc rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620 0 0
/dev/sda1 /boot ext3 rw 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw 0 0
none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw 0 0
none /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint vmblock rw 0 0
sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /disk ext3 rw 0 0
五、更改fstab文件确保新添加的磁盘永久生效 1、编辑fstab文件
? /etc/fstab文件每一行由空格分为六项，包括：
? 设备文件
? 挂载点
? 文件系统类型
? mount参数：包含defaults和auto的行会在开机时自动被加载。
? dump参数：0表示永不备份。1表示每天备份，2表示每两天备份一次，依次类推。
? fsck顺序：0表示忽略。1、2、3表示检查顺序。一般1被根文件系统使用。网络文件系统与光驱软驱等设备应该被忽略。
[root@oel11g disk]# vi /etc/fstab
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol00 / ext3 defaults 1 1
LABEL=/boot /boot ext3 defaults 1 2
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs defaults 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts gid=5,mode=620 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs defaults 0 0
proc /proc proc defaults 0 0
/dev/VolGroup00/LogVol01 swap swap defaults 0 0
添加如下信息
/dev/sdb1 /disk ext3 defaults,usrquota,grpquota 0 0
[root@oel11g disk]# mount -o remount /disk ······使用remount指令将修改信息加载到/etc/mtab中
[root@oel11g disk]# cat /etc/mtab······查看信息
/dev/mapper/VolGroup00-LogVol00 / ext3 rw 0 0
proc /proc proc rw 0 0
sysfs /sys sysfs rw 0 0
devpts /dev/pts devpts rw,gid=5,mode=620 0 0
/dev/sda1 /boot ext3 rw 0 0
tmpfs /dev/shm tmpfs rw 0 0
none /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc binfmt_misc rw 0 0
none /proc/fs/vmblock/mountPoint vmblock rw 0 0
sunrpc /var/lib/nfs/rpc_pipefs rpc_pipefs rw 0 0
/dev/sdb1 /disk ext3 rw,usrquota,grpquota 0 0
[root@oel11g disk]#
2、生成配额文件
[root@oel11g disk]# quotacheck -auvg
或者
[root@oel11g disk]# quotacheck -uvg /disk······文件系统
在文件系统的根目录下建立aquota.user及aquota.group两个文件
[root@oel11g disk]# ls
aquota.group aquota.user
3、编辑配额文件
使用edquota 用户名与edquota –g 组名编辑用户与组的磁盘限额
[root@oel11g disk]# edquota oracle
Disk quotas for user oracle (uid 500):
Filesyste blocks soft hard inodes soft hard
/dev/sdb1 0 0 0 0 0 0
blocks： 只已经使用的块大小
soft： 软限制使用的大小
hard：硬限制使用的大小(当软限制的大小到达后系统人允许扩长，直到到达硬限制数)
inodes：当前用户在本文件系统中可创建的目录数
4、开启配额功能
[root@oel11g ~]# quotaon -guvp /disk
group quota on /disk (/dev/sdb1) is on
user quota on /disk (/dev/sdb1) is on
开启配额功能
[root@oel11g ~]# quotaoff -guvp /disk
group quota on /disk (/dev/sdb1) is on
user quota on /disk (/dev/sdb1) is on
关闭配额功能
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