python实现简单爬虫_Python实现简单爬虫

简介

爬虫是一段自动抓取互联网信息的程序。它的价值是互联网数据为我所有。利用爬取到的数据，可以做很多的事情如：可以进行数据统计，对比；可以利用爬取的数据做某一方面的app；也可以利用爬取的数据做一个新闻阅读器等等。

爬虫架构

1)URL管理器

2)网页下载器

3)网页分析器

4)爬虫调用器

5)价值数据使用

爬虫实现

1)调度器实现# coding:utf-8

import url_manager

import html_downloader

import html_parser

import html_outputer

import url_manager

class SpiderMain(object):

def __init__(self):

self.urls = url_manager.UrlManager()

self.downloader = html_downloader.HtmlDownloader()

self.parser = html_parser.HtmlParser()

self.outputer = html_outputer.HtmlOutputer()

def craw(self, root_url):

count = 1

self.urls.add_new_url(root_url)

while self.urls.has_new_url():

try:

new_url = self.urls.get_new_url()

print "craw %d : %s" % (count, new_url)

html_cont = self.downloader.download(new_url)

new_urls, new_data = self.parser.parse(new_url, html_cont)

self.urls.add_new_urls(new_urls)

self.outputer.collect_data(new_data)

if count == 1000:

break

count = count + 1

except:

print "craw failed"

self.outputer.output_html()

if __name__ == "__main__":

root_url = "http://baike.baidu.com/view/21087.htm"

obj_spider = SpiderMain()

obj_spider.craw(root_url)

2)URL管理器实现class UrlManager(object):

def __init__(self):

self.new_urls = set()

self.old_urls = set()

def add_new_url(self, url):

if url is None:

return

if url not in self.new_urls and url not in self.old_urls:

self.new_urls.add(url)

def add_new_urls(self, urls):

if urls is None or len(urls) == 0:

return

for url in urls:

self.add_new_url(url)

def has_new_url(self):

return len(self.new_urls) != 0

def get_new_url(self):

new_url = self.new_urls.pop()

self.old_urls.add(new_url)

return new_url

3)URL下载器实现import urllib2

class HtmlDownloader(object):

def download(self, url):

if url is None:

return None

response = urllib2.urlopen(url)

if response.getcode() != 200:

return None

return response.read()

4)URL解析器实现from bs4 import BeautifulSoup

import re

import urlparse

class HtmlParser(object):

def _get_new_urls(self, page_url, soup):

new_urls = set()

links = soup.find_all('a', href=re.compile(r"/view/\d+\.htm"))

for link in links:

new_url = link['href']

new_full_url = urlparse.urljoin(page_url, new_url)

new_urls.add(new_full_url)

return new_urls

def _get_new_data(self, page_url, soup):

res_data = {}

res_data['url'] = page_url

title_node = soup.find('dd', class_="lemmaWgt-lemmaTitle-title").find("h1")

res_data['title'] = title_node.get_text()

summary_node = soup.find('div', class_="lemma-summary")

res_data['summary'] = summary_node.get_text()

return res_data

def parse(self, page_url, html_cont):

if page_url is None or html_cont is None:

return

soup = BeautifulSoup(html_cont, 'html.parser', from_encoding='utf-8')

new_urls = self._get_new_urls(page_url, soup)

new_data = self._get_new_data(page_url, soup)

return new_urls, new_data

5)价值数据输出显示# coding:utf-8

class HtmlOutputer(object):

def __init__(self):

self.datas = []

def collect_data(self, data):

if data is None:

return

self.datas.append(data)

def output_html(self):

fout = open('output.html', 'w')

fout.write("")

fout.write("")

fout.write("

")

fout.write("

for data in self.datas:

fout.write("

")

fout.write("

%s" % data['url'])

fout.write("

%s" % data['title'].encode('utf-8'))

fout.write("

%s" % data['summary'].encode('utf-8'))

fout.write("

")

fout.write("

")

fout.write("")

fout.write("")

fout.close()

执行

本爬虫为爬取百度百科与Python关键字相关的1000个静态网页，对网页中的数据，主要提取关键词和摘要信息，并将爬取的信息以HTML文件的方式存储，之后利用浏览器打开即可实现访问。

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