python问卷调查系统设计案例_Python系统学习 - Page Object设计模式

接着我们来继续学习Selenium/Appium框架都会用到的一个设计模式：Page Object

其旨在将元素定位和元素操作分层，只接触测试内容，不写基础内容，便于后续对自动化测试用例体系的维护

OK～来看如下用法：

一、Page Object

1.只写测试内容，不写基础内容
2.不需要直接接触Selenium
3.把元素定位和元素操作分层，这样当元素发生变化时，只需维护page层的元素定位，不用关心哪些测试用例使用了这些元素
4.在编写测试用例时，也不用关心元素时如何定位的
5.继承父类后注意driver和逻辑、元素共享

该例子：百度搜索selenium，我们的关系是：BasePage -> BaiduPage -> TestBaidu

1.base_page.py:

# coding = utf8

import os
os.path.abspath(".")

class BasePage:

    """基础Page层，封装一些常用方法
    """
    def __init__(self, driver):
        self.driver = driver
    
    # 打开页面,如果为None，则继承子类的url，否则用url
    def open_url(self, url = None):
        if url is None:
            self.driver.get(self.url)
        else:
            self.driver.get(url)
    
    # id定位
    def by_id(self, id):
        return self.driver.find_element_by_id(id)

    # class定位
    def by_class(self, classname):
        return self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(classname)
    
    # XPath定位
    def by_xpath(self, xpath):
        return self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(xpath)
    
    # css定位
    def by_css(self, css):
        return self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(css)

    # 获取title
    def get_title(self):
        return self.driver.title
    
    # 获取页面text,仅使用xpath定位
    def get_text(self, xpath):
        return self.by_xpath(xpath).text
    
    # 执行JavaScript脚本
    def js(self, script):
        self.driver.execute_script(script)

2.baidu_page.py:

# coding = utf8

import os
os.path.abspath(".")
from base_page import BasePage

class BaiduPage(BasePage):
    """百度Page层，百度页面封装操作到的元素

    Args:
        BasePage (BasePage): Parent class, Inherit it and use the base function
    """
    url = "https://www.baidu.com"

    def search_input(self, search_key):
        self.by_id("kw").send_keys(search_key)

    def search_button(self):
        self.by_id("su").click()
    
    

3.test_baidu.py:

# coding = utf8

import os
os.path.abspath(".")
from baidu_page import BaiduPage
import unittest
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep

class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome()
    
    def test_search_key_case(self):
        page = BaiduPage(self.driver)
        page.open_url()
        page.search_input("selenium")
        page.search_button()
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(page.get_title(), "selenium_百度搜索")
    
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        cls.driver.quit()
    
if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main(verbosity = 2)

二、Poium

1.简化了BasePage层元素的定义
2.安装：pip3 install poium

该例子：百度搜索selenium，我们的关系的：BaiduPage -> TestBaidu

1.baidu_page.py:

# coding = utf8

from poium import Page, PageElement

class BaiduPage(Page):

    """百度Page层，百度页面封装操作到到元素
    """
    search_input = PageElement(id_ = "kw")
    search_button = PageElement(id_ = "su")

2.test_baidu.py:

# coding = utf8

import os
os.path.abspath(".")
import unittest
from baidu_page import BaiduPage
from selenium import webdriver
from time import sleep

class TestBaidu(unittest.TestCase):

    @classmethod
    def setUpClass(cls):
        cls.driver = webdriver.Chrome()

    def test_baidu_search_key_case(self):
        page = BaiduPage(self.driver)
        page.get("https://www.baidu.com")
        page.search_input = "selenium"
        page.search_button.click()
        sleep(2)
        self.assertEqual(page.get_title, "selenium_百度搜索")
    
    @classmethod
    def tearDownClass(cls):
        cls.driver.quit()

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main(verbosity = 2)

三、Poium的更多用法：

(poium是基于seleniim/appium的Page Object的测试库)
1.支持的定位方法
elem_id = PageElement(id_ = "id")
elem_name = PageElement(name = "name")
elem_class = PageElement(class_name = "class")
elem_tag = PageElement(tag = "input")
elem_link_text = PageElement(link_text = "this_is_link")
elem_partial_link_text = PageElement(partial_link_text = "is_link")
elem_xpath = PageElement(xpath = "//*[@id = 'kk']")
elem_css = PageElement(css = "#id")
2.设置元素超时时间
search_input = PageElement(id_ = "kw", timeout = 5)
3.设置元素描述
search_input = PageElement(id_ = "kw", timeout = 5, describe = "搜索输入值")
(describe并无实际意义，是方便元素多时查看)
4.定位一组元素
search_result = PageElements(xpath = "//div/h3/a")

(Poium极大简化了Page层的定义，还提供了很多API，如PageSelect类简化了下拉框的处理等) -- 常用Very Good！

项目结构：

下一章我们开始学习PyTest!

关注 + 收藏 + 点赞哦，谢谢啦～