java中controls_java 内部类与控制框架

应用程序控制框架(application framework)就是设计解决某类特殊问题的一个类,或一组类,要运用某个应用程序框架,通常是继承一个类或多个类,并覆盖这些方法.在覆盖的方法中编写代码定制应用程序框架提供的解决方案,以解决你的问题

控制框架是一类特殊应用程序框架,它用来解决响应事件的需求,主要用来响应事件的系统被称为事件驱动系统,(最常见的是GUI)

应用框架设计中,设计的关键是"变化的事物和不变的事物相互分离"

//: innerclasses/controller/Event.java//The common methods for any control event.

packageobject;public abstract classEvent {//因为其默认的行为是基于时间去执行控制的,所以使用抽象类代替实际的接口private longeventTime;protected final longdelayTime;public Event(longdelayTime) {this.delayTime =delayTime;

start();

}public void start() { //Allows restarting//当运行Event并调用start()时,构造器就会捕获时间

eventTime = System.nanoTime() +delayTime;//当前时间加上延迟时间,start()是一个独立方法,而没有包含在构造器中

} //这样就可以在事件运行以后重新启动计时器public booleanready() {return System.nanoTime() >=eventTime;

}public abstract voidaction();//对于控制行为,控制框架并不包含具体的信息,那些算的action()部分通过继承action()来来提供

}///:~

下面的是一个用来管理并触发事件的实际控制框架,

//: innerclasses/controller/Controller.java//The reusable framework for control systems.

packageobject;import java.util.*;public classController {//A class from java.util to hold Event objects://List是一个容器,list(读作Event的列表>//add()添加Object到LIst的尾端, size()得到List中的元素个数//foreach语法用来连续获取List中的Event//remove()方法用来从list列表移除指定的Event

private List eventList = new ArrayList();public voidaddEvent(Event c) { eventList.add(c); }public voidrun() { //该方法遍历eventlist,寻找就绪的ready(),并调用相应的方法while(eventList.size() > 0)//Make a copy so you're not modifying the list//while you're selecting the elements in it:

for(Event e : new ArrayList(eventList))if(e.ready()) {

System.out.println(e);

e.action();

eventList.remove(e);

}

}

}///:~

内部类允许:

1)控制框架的完整是由单个的类创建的,从而使得实现的细节被封装了起来,内部类用来表示解决问题所必需的各种不同的action()

2)内部类能够很容易地访问外围类的任意成员,所以可以避免这种实现变得笨拙,

下面是此框架的一个特定实现,控制温度的运作:控制灯光,水,温度调节器的开关,以及响铃和重新启动系统,每个行为都是完全不同的,控制框架的设计使得分离这些不同的代码变得非常容易,使用内部类,可以在单一的类里面产生对同一个基类Event的多种导出版本,对于温度系统的每一种行为,都继承一个新的Event内部类,并在要实现的action()中编写控制代码

//: innerclasses/GreenhouseControls.java//This produces a specific application of the//control system, all in a single class. Inner//classes allow you to encapsulate different//functionality for each type of event.

packageobject;public class GreenhouseControls extendsController {private boolean light = false;public class LightOn extendsEvent {public LightOn(long delayTime) { super(delayTime); }public voidaction() {//Put hardware control code here to//physically turn on the light.

light = true;

}public String toString() { return "Light is on"; }

}public class LightOff extendsEvent {public LightOff(long delayTime) { super(delayTime); }public voidaction() {//Put hardware control code here to//physically turn off the light.

light = false;

}public String toString() { return "Light is off"; }

}private boolean water = false;public class WaterOn extendsEvent {public WaterOn(long delayTime) { super(delayTime); }public voidaction() {//Put hardware control code here.

water = true;

}publicString toString() {return "Greenhouse water is on";

}

}public class WaterOff extendsEvent {public WaterOff(long delayTime) { super(delayTime); }public voidaction() {//Put hardware control code here.

water = false;

}publicString toString() {return "Greenhouse water is off";

}

}private String thermostat = "Day";public class ThermostatNight extendsEvent {public ThermostatNight(longdelayTime) {super(delayTime);

}public voidaction() {//Put hardware control code here.

thermostat = "Night";

}publicString toString() {return "Thermostat on night setting";

}

}public class ThermostatDay extendsEvent {public ThermostatDay(longdelayTime) {super(delayTime);

}public voidaction() {//Put hardware control code here.

thermostat = "Day";

}publicString toString() {return "Thermostat on day setting";

}

}//An example of an action() that inserts a//new one of itself into the event list:

public class Bell extendsEvent {public Bell(long delayTime) { super(delayTime); }public voidaction() {

addEvent(newBell(delayTime));//Bell控制响铃然后再事件列表中增加一个Bell对象,于是过一会二它可以再次响铃

}public String toString() { return "Bing!"; }

}public class Restart extendsEvent {//Restart()可以控制系统有规律的重启privateEvent[] eventList;public Restart(longdelayTime, Event[] eventList) {super(delayTime);this.eventList =eventList;for(Event e : eventList)

addEvent(e);

}public voidaction() {for(Event e : eventList) {

e.start();//Rerun each event

addEvent(e);

}

start();//Rerun this Event

addEvent(this);

}publicString toString() {return "Restarting system";

}

}public static class Terminate extendsEvent {public Terminate(long delayTime) { super(delayTime); }public void action() { System.exit(0); }public String toString() { return "Terminating"; }

}

}///:~

下面的类通过创建一个GreenhouseControls对象,并添加各种不同的Event对象来配置该系统,这是命令设计模式的一个例子再eventlist中的每一个被封装成对象的请求

//: innerclasses/GreenhouseController.java//Configure and execute the greenhouse system.//{Args: 5000}

packageobject;public classGreenhouseController {public static voidmain(String[] args) {

GreenhouseControls gc= newGreenhouseControls();//Instead of hard-wiring, you could parse//configuration information from a text file here:

gc.addEvent(gc.new Bell(900));

Event[] eventList={

gc.new ThermostatNight(0),

gc.new LightOn(200),

gc.new LightOff(400),

gc.new WaterOn(600),

gc.new WaterOff(800),

gc.new ThermostatDay(1400)

};

gc.addEvent(gc.new Restart(2000, eventList));if(args.length == 1)

gc.addEvent(newGreenhouseControls.Terminate(new Integer(args[0])));

gc.run();

}

}/*Output:

Bing!

Thermostat on night setting

Light is on

Light is off

Greenhouse water is on

Greenhouse water is off

Thermostat on day setting

Restarting system

Terminating*///:~