一、实验内容
1>有一块矩形木板,宽度为5m,欲飘过直角拐弯的水渠,水渠尺寸见下图,问木板长度不能超过多长,才能飘过水渠?
1>已知某抛物线经过点(1,4)、(2,7)、(3,14),求抛物线方程。
2>用Matlab符号运算验证以下等式:
一、实验设备
操作系统:Windows平台
实验软件:matlab
二、实验步骤
可得出f(θ)=(10-5*cosθ)/sinθ+(12-5*sinθ)/cosθ,求导得df(θ)=(5-10*cosθ)/((sinθ)^2)+(-5+12sinθ)/((cosθ)^2),当df(θ)=0时取得最大值,此时木板的长度为最大长度。用牛顿迭代法在matlab上求解。
newton.m文件如下:
function[p0,err,k,y]=newton(f,df,p0,delta,epsilon,max1)
%Input - f is the object functioninput as a string 'f'
% - df is the derivative of f input as a string 'df'
% - p0 is the initial approximation to a zero of f
% - delta is the tolerance for p0
% - epsilon is the tolerance for the function values y
% - max1 is the maximum number of iterations
%Output - p0 is the Newtonapproximation to the zero
% - err is the error estimate for p0
% - k is the number of iterations
% - y is the function value f(p0)
for k=1:max1
p1=p0-feval(f,p0)/feval(df,p0);
err=abs(p1-p0); relerr=2*err/(abs(p1)+delta);
p0=p1; y=feval(f,p0);
if(err
end
首先作出其导数图像,得到其df(θ)=0时大概在20度到60度
然后用牛顿迭代法求出df(θ)=0时的数值解。Matlab代码如下:
ff=@(x)(10-5*cos(x))/sin(x)+(12-5*sin(x))/cos(x);
f=@(x)(cos(x)*(5*cos(x) - 10))/sin(x)^2 -(sin(x)*(5*sin(x) - 12))/cos(x)^2;
fd=@(x)- (5*cos(x) - 10)/sin(x) - (5*sin(x) - 12)/cos(x) -(5*cos(x))/sin(x) - (5*sin(x))/cos(x) - (2*cos(x)^2*(5*cos(x) - 10))/sin(x)^3 -(2*sin(x)^2*(5*sin(x) - 12))/cos(x)^3
a=deg2rad(10);b=deg2rad(80);
delta=0.000001;epsilon=0.000001;max=100000;
[c1,c2,c3,c4]=newton(f,fd,a,delta,epsilon,max);
feval(ff,c1)
rad2deg(c1)
求得c1=0.7320,c2=7.1711e-08,c3=7,c4= -5.1514e-14,将c1的结果带入ff求得长度为21.0372米,固木板长度不超过21.0372米即可飘过水渠。
1>设二次函数为y=ax^2+bx+c.把三个点代入,得到方程组,用matlab的矩阵运算,代码如下:
a=[1,1,1;4,2,1;9,3,1];
b=[4;7;14];
inv(a)*b
可得a,b,c分别为:
2.0000
-3.0000
5.0000
3>
symsa11 a12 a13 a21 a22 a23 a31 a32 a33
a=[a11,a12,a13;a21a22 a23;a31 a32 a33];
a2=[a11,a12,a13;0a22 a23;0 a32 a33];
I=[1,0,0;-a21/a11,1,0;-a31/a11,0,1];
I2=[1,0,0;0,1,0;0,-a32/a22,1];
I*a
I2*a2
得出结果:
ans =
[a11,a12,a13]
[0,a22-(a12*a21)/a11,a23-(a13*a21)/a11]
[0,a32-(a12*a31)/a11,a33-(a13*a31)/a11]
ans =
[a11,a12,a13]
[0,a22,a23]
[0,0,a33-(a23*a32)/a22]
与结果符合。