python 构造函数重置,Python：构造函数重载的问题

WARNING: I have been learning Python for all of 10 minutes so apologies for any stupid questions!

I have written the following code, however I get the following exception:

Message File

Name Line Position Traceback Node

31

exceptions.TypeError: this constructor takes no arguments

class Computer:

name = "Computer1"

ip = "0.0.0.0"

screenSize = 17

def Computer(compName, compIp, compScreenSize):

name = compName

ip = compIp

screenSize = compScreenSize

printStats()

return

def Computer():

printStats()

return

def printStats():

print "Computer Statistics: --------------------------------"

print "Name:" + name

print "IP:" + ip

print "ScreenSize:" , screenSize // cannot concatenate 'str' and 'tuple' objects

print "-----------------------------------------------------"

return

comp1 = Computer()

comp2 = Computer("The best computer in the world", "27.1.0.128",22)

Any thoughts?

解决方案

I'm going to assume you're coming from a Java-ish background, so there are a few key differences to point out.

class Computer(object):

"""Docstrings are used kind of like Javadoc to document classes and

members. They are the first thing inside a class or method.

You probably want to extend object, to make it a "new-style" class.

There are reasons for this that are a bit complex to explain."""

# everything down here is a static variable, unlike in Java or C# where

# declarations here are for what members a class has. All instance

# variables in Python are dynamic, unless you specifically tell Python

# otherwise.

defaultName = "belinda"

defaultRes = (1024, 768)

defaultIP = "192.168.5.307"

def __init__(self, name=defaultName, resolution=defaultRes, ip=defaultIP):

"""Constructors in Python are called __init__. Methods with names

like __something__ often have special significance to the Python

interpreter.

The first argument to any class method is a reference to the current

object, called "self" by convention.

You can use default function arguments instead of function

overloading."""

self.name = name

self.resolution = resolution

self.ip = ip

# and so on

def printStats(self):

"""You could instead use a __str__(self, ...) function to return this

string. Then you could simply do "print(str(computer))" if you wanted

to."""

print "Computer Statistics: --------------------------------"

print "Name:" + self.name

print "IP:" + self.ip

print "ScreenSize:" , self.resolution //cannot concatenate 'str' and 'tuple' objects

print "-----------------------------------------------------"