mysql数据库核心_Mysql：核心的数据库操作-阿里云开发者社区

Mysql核心点

对于每一位研发同学，Mysql都是必须掌握的技能啦。基本的Mysql的操作，还是得很好的掌握的。

一、Mysql

学习一个技术，一定要先去官网学习。

Mysql官网

二、基本的查询

1.创建表并插入数据

创建表

CREATE TABLE shop (

article INT(4) UNSIGNED ZEROFILL DEFAULT '0000' NOT NULL,

dealer CHAR(20) DEFAULT '' NOT NULL,

price DOUBLE(16,2) DEFAULT '0.00' NOT NULL,

PRIMARY KEY(article, dealer));

插入数据

INSERT INTO shop VALUES

(1,'A',3.45),(1,'B',3.99),(2,'A',10.99),(3,'B',1.45),

(3,'C',1.69),(3,'D',1.25),(4,'D',19.95);

查看这张表

SELECT * FROM shop;

+---------+--------+-------+

| article | dealer | price |

+---------+--------+-------+

| 0001 | A | 3.45 |

| 0001 | B | 3.99 |

| 0002 | A | 10.99 |

| 0003 | B | 1.45 |

| 0003 | C | 1.69 |

| 0003 | D | 1.25 |

| 0004 | D | 19.95 |

+---------+--------+-------+

2.查询一列中的最大值

SELECT MAX(article) AS article FROM shop;

+---------+

| article |

+---------+

| 4 |

+---------+

3.查询这一列中最大值所在的行

通过子查询的方式，能够轻松操作。

SELECT article, dealer, price

FROM shop

WHERE price=(SELECT MAX(price) FROM shop);

+---------+--------+-------+

| article | dealer | price |

+---------+--------+-------+

| 0004 | D | 19.95 |

+---------+--------+-------+

其他的解决方案，例如使用LEFT JOIN，或者根据指定的元素进行排序，并且使用特定的Mysql的LIMIT语句进行操作。

方案1：

SELECT s1.article, s1.dealer, s1.price

FROM shop s1

LEFT JOIN shop s2 ON s1.price < s2.price

WHERE s2.article IS NULL;

+---------+--------+-------+

| article | dealer | price |

+---------+--------+-------+

| 0004 | D | 19.95 |

+---------+--------+-------+

方案2：

SELECT article, dealer, price FROM shop ORDER BY price DESC LIMIT 1;

这里使用了Limit值为1，意为只取一个值。

4.找到每篇文章的最大值，如果一篇文章有多个值，只取最大值

SELECT article, MAX(price) AS price

FROM shop

GROUP BY article;

+---------+-------+

| article | price |

+---------+-------+

| 0001 | 3.99 |

| 0002 | 10.99 |

| 0003 | 1.69 |

| 0004 | 19.95 |

+---------+-------+

5.求出每篇文章，价格最高对应的经销商

方法1：用自查询

SELECT article, dealer, price

FROM shop s1

WHERE price=(SELECT MAX(s2.price)

FROM shop s2

WHERE s1.article = s2.article);

+---------+--------+-------+

| article | dealer | price |

+---------+--------+-------+

| 0001 | B | 3.99 |

| 0002 | A | 10.99 |

| 0003 | C | 1.69 |

| 0004 | D | 19.95 |

+---------+--------+-------+

但是使用自查询是效率比较低下的一种方式。

那么另外的解决方案，是在FROM中使用子查询或者LEFT JOIN。

SELECT s1.article, dealer, s1.price

FROM shop s1

JOIN (

SELECT article, MAX(price) AS price

FROM shop

GROUP BY article) AS s2

ON s1.article = s2.article AND s1.price = s2.price;

LEFT JOIN：

SELECT s1.article, s1.dealer, s1.price

FROM shop s1

LEFT JOIN shop s2 ON s1.article = s2.article AND s1.price < s2.price

WHERE s2.article IS NULL;

6.使用用户自定义的变量查询

您可以使用MySQL用户变量来记住结果，而无需将它们存储在客户端的临时变量中。

例如，要查找价格最高和最低的文章，您可以执行以下操作：

mysql> SELECT @min_price:=MIN(price),@max_price:=MAX(price) FROM shop;

mysql> SELECT * FROM shop WHERE price=@min_price OR price=@max_price;

+---------+--------+-------+

| article | dealer | price |

+---------+--------+-------+

| 0003 | D | 1.25 |

| 0004 | D | 19.95 |

+---------+--------+-------+