量子计算机编程pdf,量子计算与量子计算机.pdf

ISSN 1673-9418 CODEN KYTA8

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Journal of Frontiers of Computer Science and Technology

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1673-941872007A01(01)-0001-16

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量子计算与量子计算机

吴楠,宋方敏

WU Nan SONG Fang-min

南京大学计算机科学与技术系计算机软件新技术国家重点突验室,南京210093

State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology, Department of Computer Science and Teehnology, Nanjing Lniversity. Nanjing

210093. China

+Correspondingauthor:E-mail:songmm@nju.edu.cn

WU Nan, SONG Fang-min Quantum computing and quantum computersjournal of Frontiers of Com-

puter Science and Technology, 207, 1(1): 1-16.

Abstract: As a new computing model, quantum computing can in principle exploit uantum mechanical ef

fects to perform computations more rapidly than classical Turing Machine model based on the principle of

quantum computing and me iman uantum Meanwhile, the physical implementations of quantum computer

are also proposed Optic photon quantum computer and quantum computer based on Nuclear Magnetic Reso

nance( NMR),ion traps or harmonic oscillator, ete., have been realized one by one, Several quantum algorithms

appear in recent years. A successful demonstration of Shors quantum algorithm is made by using a quantum

computing device based on NMR in 2001, and it shows the quantum computers great potentia power for

processing complieated problems. Finally, the developments in the aspeel of physical implementatie

quantum

computer are summarized

Key words quantum computing quantum compuer quantum algorithm; architecture of quantum computer

quantum programmng language;physical Implementation

摘要:璗子计算是一种依照量子力学理论进行的新型计算,量子计算的基础和原理以及重要量子算法为在计算

速度上超越图灵机模型提佚了可能。在发展与完善量子计算理论的同时,量子计算机的物理实现方案也被不断提

出。光子量子计算机,基于核磁共振、离子阱或谐振子等技术的量子计算机物理模型已被逐一实现。近年来亦出现

了几儿个典型的基子量子计算机的量子算法。2001年在一台基于核磁共振技术的量子计算设备上成功演示的Shor

量子算法,显示出量子计算机处理复杂问题的巨大潜能。文章对当前登子计算杌物理实现的研究进展进行了综述。

关键词:量子计算;量子计算机;量子算法;体系结杓;量子程序设计语言;物理实现

文献标识码:A中图分类号:TP301

1引言与量子计算的现状

所有的电子计算机都是基于 von Neumann体系结

自1945年第一台电子计算机诞生,60年来几乎构,其计算模型是 Alan Turing于1936年提出的图

Received 2007-02, Accepted 2007-04

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