c语言openmp多线程,使用OpenMP实现多线程(Under C/C++)--Constructs

We will start with:

Parallel construct

Work-sharing construct

In OpenMP, the most important one of

all basic features, is parallel construct. It plays a crucial role

in OpenMP. This construct is used to specify the computations that

should be executed in parallel.

There is just one library function

should be taken care-omp_get_thread_num( ).

Sharing the work among threads in an

OpenMP program

This important feature is used to

distribute computation among the threads in a team.

C/C++ has three work-sharing

constructs:

Distribute iterations over the

threads--#pragma omp for

Distribute independent work

units--#pragma omp sections

Only one thread executes the code

block--#pragma omp single

There are two main rules regarding

work-sharing constructs:

Each work-sharing region must be

encountered by all threads in a team or by none at all.

The sequence of work-sharing regions

and barrier regions encountered must be the same for every thread

in a team.

Next I will describe these

constructs.

1.

Loop Construct

We need to remember the syntax of the

loop construct in C/C++:

#pragma omp for

For-loop

An example:

#pragma omp parallel

{

#pragma omp for

For(…)

…

}

2.

The Sections Construct

This construct is the easiest way to

get different threads to carry out different kinds of work, since

it permits us to specify several different code regions, each of

which will be executed by one of the threads.

It consist of two directives: #pragma

omp sections and #pragma omp section

An example:

#pragma omp parallel

{

#pragma omp setions

{

#pragma omp setion

Void funcA();

#pragma omp setion

Void funcB();

}

}

Something should be noted.

If only one thread is available, both

calls to funcA and funcB are executed in parallel, but in

sequential order.

One cannot make any assumption on the

specific order in which section blocks are executed. Even if these

calls are executed sequentially.

3.

The Single Construct

The single construct is associated

with the structured block of code immediately following it and

specifies that this block should be executed by one thread

only.

Note: it does not state which thread

should execute the code block.

And the syntax of this construct in

C/C++ is:

#pragma omp single

An example:

#pragma omp parallel

{

#prama omp single

{

}

#pragma omp for

For ( … )

}

Only one thread execute the single

section.

4.

Combined Parallel Work-Sharing

Constructs

Combined parallel work-sharing

constructs are shortcuts that can be used when a parallel region

comprises precisely one work-sharing construct, that is, the

work-sharing region includes all the code in the parallel

region.

For example:

There are advantages of using

shortcuts. One is readability, and another is a performance

advantage.