设置linux classpath,[转]在windows或linux下设置path和classpath

This section explains how to use the PATH

and CLASSPATH environment variables on Microsoft

Windows, Solaris, and Linux. Consult the installation instructions

included with your installation of the Java Development Kit (JDK)

software bundle for current information.

After installing the software, the JDK directory will have the

structure shown below.

The bin directory contains both the compiler and the

launcher.

Update the PATH Variable (Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP)

You can run Java applications just fine without setting the

PATH variable. Or, you can optionally set it as a

convenience.

Set the PATH variable if you want to be able to

conveniently run the executables (javac.exe,

java.exe, javadoc.exe, and so on) from

any directory without having to type the full path of the command.

If you do not set the PATH variable, you need to

specify the full path to the executable every time you run it, such

as:

C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0\bin\javac MyClass.java

Note: It is useful to set the

PATH permanently so it will persist after rebooting.

To set it permanently, add the full path of the

jdk1.6.0 bin directory to the PATH

variable. Set the PATH as follows.

To make a permanent change to the CLASSPATH variable, use the

System icon in the Control Panel. The precise procedure varies

depending on the version of Windows.

The PATH can be a series of directories separated

by semicolons (;). Microsoft Windows looks for programs in the

PATH directories in order, from left to right. You

should have only one bin directory for the JDK in the

path at a time (those following the first are ignored), so if one

is already present, you can update that particular entry.

Update the PATH Variable (Solaris and Linux)

You can run the JDK just fine without setting the PATH

variable, or you can optionally set it as a convenience. However,

you should set the path variable if you want to be able to run the

executables (javac, java,

javadoc, and so on) from any directory without having

to type the full path of the command. If you do not set the

PATH variable, you need to specify the full path to

the executable every time you run it, such as:

% /usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin/javac MyClass.java

To find out if the path is properly set, execute:

% java -version

This will print the version of the java tool, if it

can find it. If the version is old or you get the error java:

Command not found, then the path is not properly set.

To set the path permanently, set the path in your startup

file.

For C shell (csh), edit the startup file

(~/.cshrc):

set path=(/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin )

For bash, edit the startup file

(~/.bashrc):

PATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin:

export PATH

For ksh, the startup file is named by the environment

variable, ENV. To set the path:

PATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin:

export PATH

For sh, edit the profile file

(~/.profile):

PATH=/usr/local/jdk1.6.0/bin:

export PATH

Then load the startup file and verify that the path is set by

repeating the java command:

For C shell (csh):

% source ~/.cshrc

% java -version

For ksh, bash, or sh:

% . /.profile

% java -version

CLASSPATH variable is one way to tell

applications, including the JDK tools, where to look for user

classes. (Classes that are part of the JRE, JDK platform, and

extensions should be defined through other means, such as the

bootstrap class path or the extensions directory.)

The preferred way to specify the class path is by using the

-cp command line switch. This allows the

CLASSPATH to be set individually for each application

without affecting other applications. Setting the

CLASSPATH can be tricky and should be performed with

care.

The default value of the class path is ".", meaning that only

the current directory is searched. Specifying either the CLASSPATH

variable or the -cp command line switch overrides this

value.

To check whether CLASSPATH is set on Microsoft

Windows NT/2000/XP, execute the following:

C:> echo %CLASSPATH%

On Solaris or Linux, execute the following:

% echo $CLASSPATH

If CLASSPATH is not set you will get a CLASSPATH:

Undefined variable error (Solaris or Linux) or simply

%CLASSPATH% (Microsoft Windows NT/2000/XP).

To modify the CLASSPATH, use the same procedure you

used for the PATH variable.

Class path wildcards allow you to include an entire directory of

.jar files in the class path without explicitly naming

them individually. For more information, including an explanation

of class path wildcards, and a detailed description on how to clean

up the CLASSPATH environment variable, see the

Setting the Class Path technical note.