pythonrequests库获取中文是十六进制_python爬虫---requests库的用法详解

requests是python实现的简单易用的HTTP库，使用起来比urllib简洁很多

因为是第三方库，所以使用前需要cmd安装

pip install requests

安装完成后import一下，正常则说明可以开始使用了。

基本用法：

requests.get()用于请求目标网站，类型是一个HTTPresponse类型

import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

print(response.status_code) # 打印状态码

print(response.url) # 打印请求url

print(response.headers) # 打印头信息

print(response.cookies) # 打印cookie信息

print(response.text) #以文本形式打印网页源码

print(response.content) #以字节流形式打印

运行结果：

状态码：200

url：www.baidu.com

headers信息

各种请求方式：

import requests

requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post')

requests.put('http://httpbin.org/put')

requests.delete('http://httpbin.org/delete')

requests.head('http://httpbin.org/get')

requests.options('http://httpbin.org/get')

基本的get请求

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

print(response.text)

结果

带参数的GET请求：

第一种直接将参数放在url内

import requests

response = requests.get(http://httpbin.org/get?name=gemey&age=22)

print(response.text)

结果

另一种先将参数填写在dict中，发起请求时params参数指定为dict

import requests

data = {

'name': 'tom',

'age': 20

}

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get', params=data)

print(response.text)

结果同上

解析json

import requests

response = requests.get('http://httpbin.org/get')

print(response.text)

print(response.json()) #response.json()方法同json.loads(response.text)

print(type(response.json()))

结果

简单保存一个二进制文件

二进制内容为response.content

import requests

response = requests.get('http://img.ivsky.com/img/tupian/pre/201708/30/kekeersitao-002.jpg')

b = response.content

with open('F://fengjing.jpg','wb') as f:

f.write(b)

为你的请求添加头信息

import requests

heads = {}

heads['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 ' \

'(Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10_6_8; en-us) AppleWebKit/534.50 ' \

'(KHTML, like Gecko) Version/5.1 Safari/534.50'

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',headers=headers)

使用代理

同添加headers方法，代理参数也要是一个dict

这里使用requests库爬取了IP代理网站的IP与端口和类型

因为是免费的，使用的代理地址很快就失效了。

import requests

import re

def get_html(url):

proxy = {

'http': '120.25.253.234:812',

'https' '163.125.222.244:8123'

}

heads = {}

heads['User-Agent'] = 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/49.0.2623.221 Safari/537.36 SE 2.X MetaSr 1.0'

req = requests.get(url, headers=heads,proxies=proxy)

html = req.text

return html

def get_ipport(html):

regex = r'

(.+)'

iplist = re.findall(regex, html)

regex2 = '

(.+)'

portlist = re.findall(regex2, html)

regex3 = r'

(.+)'

typelist = re.findall(regex3, html)

sumray = []

for i in iplist:

for p in portlist:

for t in typelist:

pass

pass

a = t+','+i + ':' + p

sumray.append(a)

print('高匿代理')

print(sumray)

if __name__ == '__main__':

url = 'http://www.kuaidaili.com/free/'

get_ipport(get_html(url))

结果：

基本POST请求：

import requests

data = {'name':'tom','age':'22'}

response = requests.post('http://httpbin.org/post', data=data)

获取cookie

#获取cookie

import requests

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com')

print(response.cookies)

print(type(response.cookies))

for k,v in response.cookies.items():

print(k+':'+v)

结果：

会话维持

import requests

session = requests.Session()

session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies/set/number/12345')

response = session.get('http://httpbin.org/cookies')

print(response.text)

结果：

证书验证设置

import requests

from requests.packages import urllib3

urllib3.disable_warnings() #从urllib3中消除警告

response = requests.get('https://www.12306.cn',verify=False) #证书验证设为FALSE

print(response.status_code)打印结果：200

超时异常捕获

import requests

from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout

try:

res = requests.get('http://httpbin.org', timeout=0.1)

print(res.status_code)

except ReadTimeout:

print(timeout)

异常处理

在你不确定会发生什么错误时，尽量使用try...except来捕获异常

所有的requests exception：

Exceptions

import requests

from requests.exceptions import ReadTimeout,HTTPError,RequestException

try:

response = requests.get('http://www.baidu.com',timeout=0.5)

print(response.status_code)

except ReadTimeout:

print('timeout')

except HTTPError:

print('httperror')

except RequestException:

print('reqerror')

25行代码带你爬取4399小游戏数据

import requests

import parsel

import csv

f = open('4399游戏.csv', mode='a', encoding='utf-8-sig', newline='')

csv_writer = csv.DictWriter(f, fieldnames=['游戏地址', '游戏名字'])

csv_writer.writeheader()

for page in range(1, 106):

url = 'http://www.4399.com/flash_fl/5_{}.htm'.format(page)

headers = {

'User-Agent': 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/81.0.4044.138 Safari/537.36'

}

response = requests.get(url=url, headers=headers)

response.encoding = response.apparent_encoding

selector = parsel.Selector(response.text)

lis = selector.css('#classic li')

for li in lis:

dit ={}

data_url = li.css('a::attr(href)').get()

new_url = 'http://www.4399.com' + data_url.replace('http://', '/')

dit['游戏地址'] = new_url

title = li.css('img::attr(alt)').get()

dit['游戏名字'] = title

print(new_url, title)

csv_writer.writerow(dit)

f.close()

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