计算机专业概述 英语,计算机专业英语论文硬件概述.doc

题目：计算机硬件概述(Overview of the computer hardware based)

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All computer systems of interest to us are similar. They contain hardware components for input, central processing unit and output. The system on the small-scale is called a microcomputer or minicomputer. Continuing up the size scale, the mainframe computer is one that may offer a faster processing speed and a greater storage capacity than a typical mini. Finally comes the supercomputer, designed to process complex scientific applications， which is the largest and fastest.

Although the capacity of computers' storage locations is varied， every computer stores numbers， letters， and other characters in a coded form. Every character in the storage is represented by a string of 0s and 1s， the only digits founded in the binary numbering system. BCD and ASCII are popular computer codes.

So, what part of computer hardware that contains it? Computer hardware has four parts: the central processing unit (CPU) and memory, storage hardware, input hardware, and output hardware.

The Central Processing Unit

Pronounced as separate letters it is the abbreviation for central processing unit. The CPU is the brains of the computer. Sometimes referred to simply as the central processor, but more commonly called processor, the CPU is where most calculations take place. In terms of computing power, the CPU is the most important element of a computer system.

On large machines, CPUs require one or more printed circuit boards. On personal computers and small workstations, the CPU is housed in a single chip called a microprocessor. Since the 1970's the microprocessor class of CPUs has almost completely overtaken all other CPU implementations.

Early CPUs were custom-designed as a part of a larger, sometimes one-of-a-kind, computer. However, this costly method of designing custom CPUs for a particular application has largely given way to the development of mass-produced processors that are made for