C语言中,有时需要进行置位操作,比如针对其中的某些位。这样做的目的是既达到了目标,又不会影响其它位。常用的置位操作如下:
#define setbit(x,y) x|=(1<
#define clrbit(x,y) x&=~(1<
举个例子:
int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
unsigned char a = 0x55;
unsigned char b = a|(1<<1); //第一位置1
unsigned char c = a&~(1<<2); //第二位置0
printf("Hello World! 0x%x,0x%x/n",b,c);
return 0;
}
输出0x57,0x51。0x57即从01010101,变成01010111;0x51即从01010101,变成01010001。
一、基本位操作
|
或
&
与
~
取反
^
异或
<<
左移
>>
右移
二、位操作的常见用法
1.获取某位的值
#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number)|= 1<
#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number) &= ~(1<
#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number) >> (pos)&1)) //用宏得到某数的某位
#define BitGet(Number,pos) ((Number) ^= 1<
2.设定某位的值(设为0或1)
方法一:
#define setbit(x,y) x|=(1<
#define clrbit(x,y) x&=~(1<
方法二:
置0,用0去‘与’
int a|=(1<
置1,用1去‘或’
int a&=~(1<
3.循环移位
#define ROTATE_LEFT(x, n) ((x) <> ((8 * sizeof(x)) - (n)))
#define ROTATE_RIGHT(x, n) ((x) >> (n)) | ((x) <
4.计算绝对值
int abs(int x)
{
int y;
y = x>>31;
return (x^y)-y; //or:(x+y)^y
}
5.判断整数的符号
int sign(int x)
{
return (x>>31)|(unsigned(-x))>>31;
}
6.两个数比较
x==y: ~(x-y|y-x)
x!=y: x-y|y-x
x
x<=y: (x|~y)&((x^y)|~(y-x))
x
x<=y: (~x|y)&((x^y)|~(y-x))//无符号x,y比较
7.交换两个数的值(swap)
1.x ^= y ; y ^= x ; x ^= y ;
2.x = x+y ; y = x-y ; x = x-y ;
3.x = x-y ; y = y+x ; x = y-x ;
4.x = y-x ; x = y-x ; x = x+y ;
8.位计数
方法一:
int count(long v)
{
int number = 0;
while(v)
{
v &= (v-1);
number++;
}
return number;
}
方法二:
int count(unsigned x)
{
x = x-((x>>1)&0x55555555) ;
x = (x&0x33333333)+(x>>2)&0x33333333);
x = (x+(x>>4))&0x0f0f0f0f;
x = x+(x>>8);
x = x+(x>>16);
return x&0x0000003f;
}
9.二进制和GRAY码的转换
(1).二进制码到GRAY码的转换:
unsigned B2G(unsigned B )
{
return B ^ (B>>1) ;
}
(2).GRAY码到二进制码:
unsigned G2B(unsigned G)
{
unsigned B ;
B = G ^ (G>>1) ;
B = G ^ (G>>2) ;
B = G ^ (G>>4) ;
B = G ^ (G>>8) ;
B = G ^ (G>>16) ;
return B ;
}
10.位反转
unsigned rev(unsigned x)
{
x = (x & 0x55555555) <>1) & 0x55555555 ;
x = (x & 0x33333333) <>2) & 0x33333333 ;
x = (x & 0x0f0f0f0f) <>4) & 0x0f0f0f0f ;
x = (x<<24) | ((x&0xff00)<<8) | ((x>>8) & 0xff00) | (x>>24) ;
return x ;
}