本文内容：Android及IOS基于TestNG的代码结构示例，
常用的元素定位方式的介绍
部分项目中使用的功能代码示例
Appium日志的具体分析
部分需要理解的概念
Android示例代码(TestNG)：public class AndroidTest {
protected AndroidDriver driver;
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
@BeforeSuite
public void setUp() throws Exception {
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "AndroidPhone");
capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_PACKAGE, "com.example.dev");
capabilities.setCapability(AndroidMobileCapabilityType.APP_ACTIVITY, ".MainActivity");
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.NO_RESET, true);
......
driver = new AndroidDriver<>(url, capabilities);
}
@AfterSuite
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
if (driver != null) {
driver.quit();
}
}
@Test
public void test_001(){}//Test Case One
@Test
public void test_002(){}//Test Case Two
}
IOS示例代码(TestNG)：public abstract class IOSTest {
protected IOSDriver driver;
URL url = new URL("http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub");
@BeforeSuite
public void setUp() throws Exception {
DesiredCapabilities capabilities = new DesiredCapabilities();
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_NAME, "iOS");
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.PLATFORM_VERSION, "10.3");
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.DEVICE_NAME, "My iPhone 6");
capabilities.setCapability(MobileCapabilityType.UDID, "c4ef2cbc8a1b39123838a8ad9fdea45547e44c20");
capabilities.setCapability(IOSMobileCapabilityType.BUNDLE_ID, "com.example.dev");
......
driver = new IOSDriver<>(url, capabilities);
}
}
常用的元素定位方式：
Android：By.idView的id，最好用com.hello.uat:id/et_reg_mobile
android:id/button1
button1
By.classnameView的类型名android.widget.TextView
android.widget.Button
By.xpath根据element的属性及DOM层级查找，比较不稳定By.xpath(".//*[@text='Title']")根据text属性查找，
一般对于索引不确定的元素采用
MobileBy.
AndroidUIAutomatorAndroid自带UIAutomator框架的定位方式
IOS：MobileBy.
AccessibilityId组件的AccessibilityId，最好用一般同组件的name属性，使用Inspector获得
By.classname组件的类型名XCUIElementTypeStaticText
XCUIElementTypeButton
By.xpath根据element的属性及DOM层级查找，比较不稳定。By.xpath(".//*[@name='Title']")根据name属性查找，一般都可以用AccessibilityId替代，因为name和AccessibilityId一般是一样的
更精准可以带上classname：
//XCUIElementTypeStaticText[@name="Hello"]
一般对于索引不确定又没有AccessibilityId的元素采用
MobileBy.
IosUIAutomationIOS自带框架UIAutomation的定位方式
AccessibilityId
appium移除了在Selenium上常用的name和tagname定位方式
IOS上表示Accessibility Identifier，通常和Name、Label属性相同
Android上表示content description
交互操作
MobileElement：交互的对象，对应于Android中的一个View对象
点击：element.click();
输入：element.sendKeys("text");
滑动：driver.swipe()
点击：driver.tap();
等待方式：
//隐式等待
//全局设定查找元素时的等待时间，找不到会尝试10秒内间隔查找，找到了继续
//这里设定的值对driver的整个生命周期起作用，从现在开始到下次修改，每次查找都是10秒。
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
//显式等待
//仅仅这次，指明最多等待5秒，指明结束条件为找到元素id=bt_next。超时抛出TimeoutException。
WebElement e = new WebDriverWait(driver, 5).until(
ExpectedConditions.presenceOfElementLocated(By.id("bt_next")));
//强行等待
//线程直接暂停，适合于单纯的等待。不查找元素
Thread.sleep(3000)
DesiredCapabilities
这是一个key-value的集合，用于告诉服务器建立连接的设备信息，不同平台有所不同。appium支持许多的属性设置，可以到官网做个全面的了解。
MobileCapabilityType：不同平台共用
AndroidMobileCapabilityType：Android专用
IOSMobileCapabilityType：IOS专用
Android一般至少需要：
1、platformName
2、platformVersion
3、deviceName
4、appPackage
5、appActivity
IOS一般至少需要：
1、platformName
2、platformVersion
3、deviceName
4、udid
5、bundleId
部分代码示例//对于弹出的权限对话框，如果找到Allow按钮则一直点击Allow。
protected void grantPermissionIfPrompt() {
int count = 0;//at most five times grant
MobileElement allowBtn = findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON));
while (allowBtn != null && count++
allowBtn.click();
allowBtn = findElement(By.id(ConstConfig.ALLOW_BUTTON));
}
}
//向上滑动列表，直到找到目标元素
static public MobileElement scrollDownUnitFound(AndroidDriver driver, String content) throws Exception {
int width = driver.manage().window().getSize().getWidth();
int height = driver.manage().window().getSize().getHeight();
int count = 0;
String xpathStr = createXpathDesc(content);
do {
if (driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).size() > 0) {
//in case of the element is still hiding, or the element is showing only a little part of it.
driver.swipe(width / 2, height / 2, width / 2, height / 3, 600);
Thread.sleep(1000);//sleep 1 second to avoid getting the element in the wrong position.
return driver.findElementsByXPath(xpathStr).get(0);
}
driver.swipe(width / 2, height / 2, width / 2, height / 4, 600);
count++;
} while (count
return null;
}
//生成xpath字符串
static public String createXpathDesc(String content) {
return ".//*[@text='" + content + "']";
}
//滑动找到元素，并点击其左侧的CheckBox。CheckBox没有id，也不适合用classname，因为不知道是第几个，只能借助相邻元素坐标偏移。
MobileElement el = AndroidHelper.scrollDownUnitFound(driver, voteTarget);
if (el != null) {//find the checkbox to the left of the founded target.
int targetX = el.getLocation().getX() - 20;
int targetY = el.getLocation().getY() + 1;//event +0 is working
System.out.println("coordinates：x = " + targetX + " y = " + targetY);
driver.tap(1, targetX, targetY, 300);
}
日志分析(Appium on AWS Device Farm)：
Appium是Client/Server结构的，所以每一次操作都是以Client向Server发送http请求开始，以Server向Client发送http响应结束。查阅日志可以按这个规律过滤不必要的信息。
Android日志分析:
driver.findElement(By.id("compose_button")).click();
(Adnroid)findElement操作日志：2017-09-19 04:06:27:278 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element {"using":"id","value":"compose_button"}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:278 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.findElement() with args: ["id","compose_button","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"]
2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, class name, accessibility id, -android uiautomator
2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, class name, accessibility id, -android uiautomator
2017-09-19 04:06:27:279 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Waiting up to 3000 ms for condition
2017-09-19 04:06:27:280 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Sending command to android: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"find","params":{"strategy":"id","selector":"compose_button","context":"","multiple":false}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command of type ACTION
2017-09-19 04:06:27:310 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command action: find
2017-09-19 04:06:27:311 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Finding 'compose_button' using 'ID' with the contextId: '' multiple: false
2017-09-19 04:06:27:311 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Using: UiSelector[INSTANCE=0, RESOURCE_ID=com.example.hello:id/compose_button]
2017-09-19 04:06:27:329 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Returning result: {"status":0,"value":{"ELEMENT":"9"}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:330 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Received command result from bootstrap
2017-09-19 04:06:27:330 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.findElement() result: {"ELEMENT":"9"}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:344 - [HTTP]
(Android)click操作日志：2017-09-19 04:06:27:348 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f/element/9/click {"id":"9"}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:348 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.click() with args: ["9","acfa31ae-321f-4ee1-a34b-294667393f8f"]
2017-09-19 04:06:27:359 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Sending command to android: {"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:375 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got data from client: {"cmd":"action","action":"element:click","params":{"elementId":"9"}}
2017-09-19 04:06:27:391 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command of type ACTION
2017-09-19 04:06:27:391 - [AndroidBootstrap] [BOOTSTRAP LOG] [debug] Got command action: click
2017-09-19 04:06:27:876 - [debug] [AndroidBootstrap] Received command result from bootstrap
2017-09-19 04:06:27:876 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.click() result: true
2017-09-19 04:06:27:880 - [HTTP]
IOS日志分析：
driver.findByAccessibilityId("Compose").click();
(IOS)findElement操作日志：2017-09-19 07:19:36:259 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element {"using":"accessibility id","value":"Compose"}
2017-09-19 07:19:36:259 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Calling AppiumDriver.findElement() with args: ["accessibility id","Compose","bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93"]
2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [XCUITest] Executing command 'findElement'
2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Valid locator strategies for this request: xpath, id, name, class name, -ios predicate string, -ios class chain, accessibility id
2017-09-19 07:19:36:260 - [debug] [BaseDriver] Waiting up to 3000 ms for condition
2017-09-19 07:19:36:261 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Proxying [POST /element] to [POST http://127.0.0.1:8100/session/3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B/element] with body: {"using":"accessibility id","value":"Compose"}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:826 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Got response with status 200: {"value":{"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"},"sessionId":"3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B","status":0}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:829 - [debug] [MJSONWP] Responding to client with driver.findElement() result: {"ELEMENT":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","type":"XCUIElementTypeButton","label":"Compose"}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:843 - [HTTP]
(IOS)click操作日志：2017-09-19 07:19:37:869 - [HTTP] --> POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click {"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A"}
2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [MJSONWP] Driver proxy active, passing request on via HTTP proxy
2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [debug] [XCUITest] Executing command 'proxyReqRes'
2017-09-19 07:19:37:870 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Proxying [POST /wd/hub/session/bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click] to [POST http://127.0.0.1:8100/session/3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B/element/E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A/click] with body: {"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A"}
2017-09-19 07:19:39:829 - [debug] [JSONWP Proxy] Got response with status 200: {"status":0,"id":"E56F3927-08E6-4ECD-B3E4-05F30198FA6A","value":"","sessionId":"3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B"}
2017-09-19 07:19:39:829 - [JSONWP Proxy] Replacing sessionId 3FAA9ECD-8EE9-49BC-B1F9-010B03B9821B with bbb16560-a4c7-43fc-a5d0-dea9057dff93
2017-09-19 07:19:39:834 - [HTTP]
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