若要构建一套完整的linux操作系统,是十分不易的。但是如果利用想成的的发行版linux,来自行构建一个小linux,也不是什么难事,下面我们来拿U盘制作一个简单的linux吧!
步骤:
1、准本fat文件系统的U盘
2、分区格式化[root@centos6 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //分区
[root@centos6 ~]# lsblk
NAME MAJ:MIN RM SIZE RO TYPE MOUNTPOINT
sda 8:0 0 200G 0 disk
├─sda1 8:1 0 200M 0 part /boot
├─sda2 8:2 0 97.7G 0 part /
├─sda3 8:3 0 19.5G 0 part /testdir
├─sda4 8:4 0 1K 0 part
└─sda5 8:5 0 2G 0 part [SWAP]
sr0 11:0 1 3.7G 0 rom /media/CentOS_6.8_Final
sdb 8:16 1 7.5G 0 disk
├─sdb1 8:17 1 105.1M 0 part
└─sdb2 8:18 1 105.1M 0 part //分区完成
[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb1
[root@centos6 ~]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdb2 //创建文件系统
3、挂载构建grub[root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/boot
[root@centos6 ~]# mount /dev/sdb2 /mnt/sysroot/
[root@centos6 ~]# grub-install /dev/sdb --root-directory=/mnt
Probing devices to guess BIOS drives. This may take a long time.
Installation finished. No error reported.
This is the contents of the device map /mnt/boot/grub/device.map.
Check if this is correct or not. If any of the lines is incorrect,
fix it and re-run the script `grub-install'.
(fd0)/dev/fd0
(hd0)/dev/sda
(hd1)/dev/sdb
4、复制内核文件[root@centos6 boot]# pwd
/mnt/boot
[root@centos6 boot]# cp /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64 /boot/initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img ./
5、创建grub.conf[root@centos6 grub]# pwd
/mnt/boot/grub
[root@centos6 grub]# vim grub.conf
default=0
timeout=3
title zqlinux
root (hd0,0)
kernel /initramfs-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64.img root=/dev/sda2 selinux=0 init=/bin/bash
initrd /vmlinuz-2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64
5、复制必要的目录并复制二进制文件乎可文件[root@centos6 sysroot]# pwd
/mnt/sysroot
[root@centos6 sysroot]# mkdir etc boot var usr proc sys mount media tmp bin bin64 lib64 lib //注意:目录一定要创建完整
[root@centos6 sysroot]# cd
[root@centos6 ~]# ./copycmd.sh
Please input a command: bash
Please input a command or quit: ls
Please input a command or quit: cat
Please input a command or quit: mount
Please input a command or quit: quit //复制二进制文件
[root@centos6 bin]# pwd
/mnt/sysroot/bin
[root@centos6 bin]# ls
bash cat ls mount //查看
7、编写etc/fstab文件[root@centos6 sysroot]# vim etc/fstab
/dev/sda1 /boot ext4 defaults 1 1
/dev/sda2 / ext4 defaults 1 2
8、挂载此设备到其它虚拟机
9、重启。
最后补充一点:
如果大家感觉启动的菜单着实难看,也是可以简单修改修改的
步骤:
1、安装ImageMagick[root@centos6 ~]# yum install ImageMagick -y
2、转换图片格式[root@centos6 ~]# convert -resize 640x480 -colors 14 example.jpg example.xpm
[root@centos6 ~]# file example.xpm
example.xpm: X pixmap p_w_picpath text
[root@centos6 ~]# more example.xpm
3、压缩并复制[root@centos6 ~]# gzip example.xpm
[root@centos6 ~]# cp example.xpm.gz /boot/grub/
4、修改指定配置文件[root@centos6 ~]# vim /boot/grub/grub.conf
default=0
timeout=5
splashp_w_picpath=(hd0,0)/grub/example.xpm.gz //修改路径处
hiddenmenu
password --md5 $1$lMdet$z4nCL9/Kau3CIIn2NBWVS.
title CentOS 6 (2.6.32-642.el6.x86_64)
root (hd0,0)
5、重启