SQL 会创建多表及多表的关系:
需求:分类表和商品表之间是不是有关系? 如果有关系,在数据库中如何表示这种关系
create tablecategory(
cidint primary keyauto_increment,
cnamevarchar(10),
cdescvarchar(31)
);insert into category values(null,'手机数码','电子产品,黑马生产');insert into category values(null,'鞋靴箱包','江南皮鞋厂倾情打造');insert into category values(null,'香烟酒水','黄鹤楼,茅台,二锅头');insert into category values(null,'酸奶饼干','娃哈哈,蒙牛酸酸乳');insert into category values(null,'馋嘴零食','瓜子花生,八宝粥,辣条');select * fromcategory;select cname,cdesc from category;
所有商品:
1.商品ID
2.商品名称
3.商品的价格
4.生产日期
5.商品分类ID
商品和商品分类 : 所属关系
create tableproduct(
pidint primary keyauto_increment,
pnamevarchar(10),
pricedouble,
pdatetimestamp,
cnoint);
insert into product values(null,'小米mix4',998,null,1);insert into product values(null,'锤子',2888,null,1);insert into product values(null,'阿迪王',99,null,2);insert into product values(null,'老村长',88,null,3);insert into product values(null,'劲酒',35,null,3);insert into product values(null,'小熊饼干',1,null,4);insert into product values(null,'卫龙辣条',1,null,5);insert into product values(null,'旺旺大饼',1,null,5);
//插入数据会失败insert into product values(null,'充气的',1,null,12);
多表之间的建表原则:
一对多:商品和分类
建表原则:在多的一方添加一个外键,指向一的一方的主键
多对多:老师和学生,学生和课程
建表原则:建立一张中间表,将多对多的关系,拆分成一对多的管理,中间表至少要有两个外键。分别指向原来的那两张表
一对一:班级和班长,公民和身份证,国家和国旗
建表原则:
将一对一的情况,当作是一对多情况处理,在任意一张表添加一个外键,并且这个外键要唯一,指向另外一张表
直接将两张表合并成一张表
将两张表的主键建立起连接,让两张表里面的主键相等
网上商城表实例的分析: 用户购物流程:
用户表 (用户的ID,用户名,密码,手机)
create table user(
uidint primary keyauto_increment,
usernamevarchar(31),
passwordvarchar(31),
phonevarchar(11)
);insert into user values(1,'zhangsan','123','13811118888');
订单表 (订单编号,总价,订单时间 ,地址,外键用户的ID)
create tableorders(
oidint primary keyauto_increment,sum int not null,
otimetimestamp,
addressvarchar(100),
unoint,foreign key(uno) references user(uid)
);insert into orders values(1,200,null,'黑马前台旁边小黑屋',1);insert into orders values(2,250,null,'黑马后台旁边1702',1);
商品表 (商品ID, 商品名称,商品价格,外键cno)
create tableproduct(
pidint primary keyauto_increment,
pnamevarchar(10),
pricedouble,
cnoint,foreign key(cno) referencescategory(cid)
);insert into product values(null,'小米mix4',998,1);insert into product values(null,'锤子',2888,1);insert into product values(null,'阿迪王',99,2);insert into product values(null,'老村长',88,3);insert into product values(null,'劲酒',35,3);insert into product values(null,'小熊饼干',1,4);insert into product values(null,'卫龙辣条',1,5);insert into product values(null,'旺旺大饼',1,5);
订单项: 中间表(订单ID,商品ID,商品数量,订单项总价)
create tableorderitem(
onoint,
pnoint,foreign key(ono) referencesorders(oid),foreign key(pno) referencesproduct(pid),
ocountint,
subsumdouble);
给1号订单添加商品 200块钱的商品
insert into orderitem values(1,7,100,100);insert into orderitem values(1,8,101,100);
给2号订单添加商品 250块钱的商品 ()
insert into orderitem values(2,5,1,35);insert into orderitem values(2,3,3,99);
商品分类表(分类ID,分类名称,分类描述)
create tablecategory(
cidint primary keyauto_increment,
cnamevarchar(15),
cdescvarchar(100)
);insert into category values(null,'手机数码','电子产品,黑马生产');insert into category values(null,'鞋靴箱包','江南皮鞋厂倾情打造');insert into category values(null,'香烟酒水','黄鹤楼,茅台,二锅头');insert into category values(null,'酸奶饼干','娃哈哈,蒙牛酸酸乳');insert into category values(null,'馋嘴零食','瓜子花生,八宝粥,辣条');