java 写server_Java实现Web Server

http请求由三部分组成，分别是：请求行、消息报头、请求正文

1、请求行以一个方法符号开头，以空格分开，后面跟着请求的URI和协议的版本，格式如下：Method Request-URI HTTP-Version CRLF

其中 Method表示请求方法；Request-URI是一个统一资源标识符；HTTP-Version表示请求的HTTP协议版本；CRLF表示回车和换行(除了作为结尾的CRLF外，不允许出现单独的CR或LF字符)。

请求方法(所有方法全为大写)有多种，各个方法的解释如下：

GET     请求获取Request-URI所标识的资源

POST    在Request-URI所标识的资源后附加新的数据

HEAD    请求获取由Request-URI所标识的资源的响应消息报头

PUT     请求服务器存储一个资源，并用Request-URI作为其标识

DELETE  请求服务器删除Request-URI所标识的资源

TRACE   请求服务器回送收到的请求信息，主要用于测试或诊断

CONNECT 保留将来使用

OPTIONS 请求查询服务器的性能，或者查询与资源相关的选项和需求

应用举例：

GET方法：在浏览器的地址栏中输入网址的方式访问网页时，浏览器采用GET方法向服务器获取资源，eg:GET /form.html HTTP/1.1 (CRLF)

POST方法要求被请求服务器接受附在请求后面的数据，常用于提交表单。

eg：POST /reg.jsp HTTP/ (CRLF)

Accept:image/gif,image/x-xbit,... (CRLF)

...

HOST:www.guet.edu.cn (CRLF)

Content-Length:22 (CRLF)

Connection:Keep-Alive (CRLF)

Cache-Control:no-cache (CRLF)

(CRLF)         //该CRLF表示消息报头已经结束，在此之前为消息报头

user=jeffrey&pwd=1234  //此行以下为提交的数据

HEAD方法与GET方法几乎是一样的，对于HEAD请求的回应部分来说，它的HTTP头部中包含的信息与通过GET请求所得到的信息是相同的。利用这个方法，不必传输整个资源内容，就可以得到Request-URI所标识的资源的信息。该方法常用于测试超链接的有效性，是否可以访问，以及最近是否更新。

2、请求报头后述

3、请求正文(略)

详情请转到另一篇博文：http://blog.csdn.net/gueter/article/details/1524447

三、实现自己WebServer

实现一个单线程的WebServer

SingleThreadWebServer

1、首先开启一个ServerSocket来监听9000端口

2、一但获得一个连接请求，回复一条信息

1 public class SingleThreadWebServer implementsRunnable{2 protected int serverPort = 8080;3 protected ServerSocket serverSocket = null;4 protected Thread runningThread= null;5

6 public SingleThreadWebServer(intport){7 this.serverPort =port;8 }9

10 public voidrun(){11 synchronized(this){12 this.runningThread =Thread.currentThread();13 }14 openServerSocket();15 System.out.println("Web服务器开启了");16 while(true){17 Socket clientSocket = null;18 try{19 clientSocket = this.serverSocket.accept();20 } catch(IOException e) {21 e.printStackTrace();22 }23 try{24 processClientRequest(clientSocket);25 } catch(IOException e) {26 e.printStackTrace();27 }28 }29

30 }31

32 private voidprocessClientRequest(Socket clientSocket)33 throwsIOException {34 InputStream input =clientSocket.getInputStream();35 OutputStream output =clientSocket.getOutputStream();36 long time =System.currentTimeMillis();37

38 output.write(("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\n

" +

39 "木木彬的singleThreadWebServer: " +

40 time +

41 "").getBytes());42 output.close();43 input.close();44 System.out.println("接收到请求: " +time);45 }46

47

48

49 private voidopenServerSocket() {50 try{51 this.serverSocket = new ServerSocket(this.serverPort);52 } catch(IOException e) {53 throw new RuntimeException("Cannot open port 8080", e);54 }55 }56

57 public static voidmain(String[] args) {58 SingleThreadWebServer singleThreadWebServer = new SingleThreadWebServer(9000);59 newThread(singleThreadWebServer).start();60 }61 }

单线程的WebServer，接受connection连接和处理请求都在一个线程中，因此一次只能相应一个请求

实现MultiThreadWebServer

1、首先开启一个ServerSocket来监听9000端口

2、一单获得一个连接请求，把它传递给另一个处理线程，这样才能让你的ServerSocket去接受其它的请求

3、写一个响应。

实现很简单，把单线程的processClientRequest函数改成WorkThread就好

public class MultiThreadWebServer implementsRunnable{protected int serverPort = 8080;protected ServerSocket serverSocket = null;protected boolean isStopped = false;protected Thread runningThread= null;public MultiThreadWebServer(intport){this.serverPort =port;

}public voidrun(){synchronized(this){this.runningThread =Thread.currentThread();

}

openServerSocket();while(true){

Socket clientSocket= null;try{

clientSocket= this.serverSocket.accept();

}catch(IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}newThread(newWorkThread(

clientSocket,"mumubin's Multithreaded Server")

).start();

}

}private voidopenServerSocket() {try{this.serverSocket = new ServerSocket(this.serverPort);

}catch(IOException e) {throw new RuntimeException("Cannot open port 8080", e);

}

}public static voidmain(String[] args) {

MultiThreadWebServer multiThreadWebServer= new MultiThreadWebServer(9090);newThread(multiThreadWebServer).start();

}

}public class WorkThread implementsRunnable {protected Socket clientSocket = null;protected String serverText = null;publicWorkThread(Socket clientSocket, String serverText) {this.clientSocket =clientSocket;this.serverText =serverText;

}

@Overridepublic voidrun() {try{

InputStream inputStream=clientSocket.getInputStream();

OutputStream outputStream=clientSocket.getOutputStream();long time =System.currentTimeMillis();

outputStream.write(("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\nWorkerThread: " +

this.serverText + " - " +time+

"").getBytes());

inputStream.close();

outputStream.flush();

System.out.println("接收到请求");

outputStream.close();

}catch(Exception e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

但是呢，之前那些，都没实现HTTP最基本的GET、POST请求，

实现Post、Get方法

流程如下：

1、首先开启一个ServerSocket来监听10000端口

2、一单获得一个连接请求，把它传递给另一个处理线程，这样才能让你的ServerSocket去接受其它的请求

3、解析请求，看它是GET还是POST，还有传递过来的参数

4、根据相应的请求写一个响应。

接下来我们先看下Request的具体信息及其实现代码

InputStream inputStream =clientSocket.getInputStream();

InputStream input=clientSocket.getInputStream();byte[] byteBuffer = new byte[1000];do{

input.read(byteBuffer);for (bytea :byteBuffer)

System.out.print((char)a);

}while (input.read() != -1);

GET / HTTP/1.1Host:127.0.0.1:9090Connection: keep-alive

Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,*/*;q=0.8

User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.3; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/42.0.2311.90 Safari/537.36

Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate, sdch

Accept-Language: zh-CN,zh;q=0.8

Cookie: _ga=GA1.1.413734972.1430379491

因此通过解析Request就可以构建doPost和doGet方法,修改后的WorkThread

1 public class WorkThread implementsRunnable {2 protected Socket clientSocket = null;3 protected String serverText = null;4

5 publicWorkThread(Socket clientSocket, String serverText) {6 this.clientSocket =clientSocket;7 this.serverText =serverText;8 }9

10 public voiddoPost()11 {12 try{13 OutputStream outputStream =clientSocket.getOutputStream();14 outputStream.write(("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\nWorkerThread: " +

15 "this is by post").getBytes());16 outputStream.flush();17 outputStream.close();18 }19 catch(Exception e)20 {21 e.printStackTrace();22 }23 }24

25 public voiddoGet()26 {27 try{28 OutputStream outputStream =clientSocket.getOutputStream();29 outputStream.write(("HTTP/1.1 200 OK\n\nWorkerThread: " +

30 "this is by get").getBytes());31 outputStream.flush();32 outputStream.close();33 }34 catch(Exception e)35 {36 e.printStackTrace();37 }38 }39 @Override40 public voidrun() {41 try{42 InputStream input =clientSocket.getInputStream();43 byte[] byteBuffer = new byte[1000];44

45 input.read(byteBuffer);46 for (bytea :byteBuffer)47 System.out.print((char)a);48

49 if(byteBuffer[0] == 'G' && byteBuffer[1] == 'E' && byteBuffer[2] == 'T')50 {51 doGet();52 }53 else{54 doPost();55 }56 input.close();57 System.out.println("接收到请求");58 }59 catch(Exception e)60 {61 e.printStackTrace();62 }63 }64 }

基于JDK实现简单的Web服务器

其实JDK中已经有了对HTTPServer的支持，我们来简单应用下

public class APITest {

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

HttpServer server = HttpServer.create(new InetSocketAddress(8000), 0);

server.createContext("/test", new MyHandler());

server.setExecutor(null); // creates a default executor

server.start();

}

static class MyHandler implements HttpHandler {

@Override

public void handle(HttpExchange t) throws IOException {

String response = "This is the APITest";

t.sendResponseHeaders(200, response.length());

OutputStream os = t.getResponseBody();

os.write(response.getBytes());

os.close();

}

}

}