Java虚拟机（JVM）-类加载ClassLoader（三）

类加载机制

• JVM自带的加载器包括如下几种

  • 启动类加载器（BootStrapClassLoader）
    • 用于加载启动的基础模块类，比如
  • 平台类加载器（PlatformClassLoader）备注：JDK9之前是扩展类加载器（ExtensionClassLoader）】
  • 应用程序类加载器（AppClassLoader）
    • 用于加载应用级别的基础模块类和程序员开发的Class

• 用户自定义类加载器

  • 自定义类加载器是在所有系统类加载器执行之后才可以执行

• 下图是父子关系而非继承关系【重点，此处容易产生误解】
  

package com.unicorn.classloader;

/**
 * @desc: TODO
 * @author: quan
 * @date: 2020-07-18 21:24
 */
public class ClassLoaderStudy {

    public static void main(String[] args) throws ClassNotFoundException {

        //BootStrapClassLoader 由于BootStrapClassLoader是虚拟机的基础模块，不允许业务上做任何操作，因此getClassLoader() 是NULL
        String str = "Hello class loader study by BootStrapClassLoader";
        System.out.println("str class Loader =" + str.getClass().getClassLoader());
        Class driver = Class.forName("java.sql.Driver");
        System.out.println("driver class Loader =" + driver.getClassLoader());

        //ExtClassLoader

        //AppClassLoader APP应用程序ClassLoader
        System.out.println("ClassLoaderStudy class Loader =" + ClassLoaderStudy.class.getClassLoader());
        System.out.println("ClassLoaderStudy.parent class Loader =" + ClassLoaderStudy.class.getClassLoader().getParent());
        System.out.println("ClassLoaderStudy.parent.parent class Loader =" + ClassLoaderStudy.class.getClassLoader().getParent().getParent());
    }
}

双亲委派模型

• 双亲委派模型工作过程：（jdk9以下，jdk9开始引入了模块化的概念，此处会有细微的差别）
  • 如果一个类加载器接收到了类加载的请求，它首先不会自己去尝试去加载这个类，而是把这个请求委派给父级加载器去完成
  • 每一个层次的类加载都是如此，因此所有的类加载请求都应该传送到顶层启动类加载器中，只有当父加载器反馈自己无法加载这个请求，子类加载器才会去尝试自己加载。
• 双亲委派模型核心代码java.lang.ClassLoader#loadClass(java.lang.String, boolean)

/**
     * Loads the class with the specified <a href="#name">binary name</a>.  The
     * default implementation of this method searches for classes in the
     * following order:
     *
     * <ol>
     *
     *   <li><p> Invoke {@link #findLoadedClass(String)} to check if the class
     *   has already been loaded.  </p></li>
     *
     *   <li><p> Invoke the {@link #loadClass(String) <tt>loadClass</tt>} method
     *   on the parent class loader.  If the parent is <tt>null</tt> the class
     *   loader built-in to the virtual machine is used, instead.  </p></li>
     *
     *   <li><p> Invoke the {@link #findClass(String)} method to find the
     *   class.  </p></li>
     *
     * </ol>
     *
     * <p> If the class was found using the above steps, and the
     * <tt>resolve</tt> flag is true, this method will then invoke the {@link
     * #resolveClass(Class)} method on the resulting <tt>Class</tt> object.
     *
     * <p> Subclasses of <tt>ClassLoader</tt> are encouraged to override {@link
     * #findClass(String)}, rather than this method.  </p>
     *
     * <p> Unless overridden, this method synchronizes on the result of
     * {@link #getClassLoadingLock <tt>getClassLoadingLock</tt>} method
     * during the entire class loading process.
     *
     * @param  name
     *         The <a href="#name">binary name</a> of the class
     *
     * @param  resolve
     *         If <tt>true</tt> then resolve the class
     *
     * @return  The resulting <tt>Class</tt> object
     *
     * @throws  ClassNotFoundException
     *          If the class could not be found
     */
    protected Class<?> loadClass(String name, boolean resolve)
        throws ClassNotFoundException
    {
        synchronized (getClassLoadingLock(name)) {
            // First, check if the class has already been loaded
            Class<?> c = findLoadedClass(name);
            if (c == null) {
                long t0 = System.nanoTime();
                try {
                	//TODO 看这里，先通过父级ClassLoader加载器进行查找
                    if (parent != null) {
                        c = parent.loadClass(name, false);
                    } else {
                        c = findBootstrapClassOrNull(name);
                    }
                } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
                    // ClassNotFoundException thrown if class not found
                    // from the non-null parent class loader
                }

                if (c == null) {
                    // If still not found, then invoke findClass in order
                    // to find the class.
                    long t1 = System.nanoTime();
                    c = findClass(name);

                    // this is the defining class loader; record the stats
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getParentDelegationTime().addTime(t1 - t0);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClassTime().addElapsedTimeFrom(t1);
                    sun.misc.PerfCounter.getFindClasses().increment();
                }
            }
            if (resolve) {
                resolveClass(c);
            }
            return c;
        }
    }

破坏双亲委派模型

• 此处仅作了解即可
  
• 常见的是jdbc驱动加载的问题
  • java.sql.DriverManager#getConnection(java.lang.String, java.util.Properties, java.lang.Class<?>)