对于linux下线程pthread的认识以及锁的相关概念等等,作为小白的我推荐这一篇比较好的文章,也谢谢大牛的分享:
对于只使用基本mutex的同学,摘录文章中的一段话,共同勉励,一起养成良好的编码规范:
如果要进入一段临界区需要多个mutex锁,那么就很容易导致死锁,单个mutex锁是不会引发死锁的。要解决这个问题也很简单,只要申请锁的时候 按照固定顺序,或者及时释放不需要的mutex锁就可以。这就对我们的代码有一定的要求,尤其是全局mutex锁的时候,更需要遵守一个约定。
如果是全局mutex锁,我习惯将它们写在同一个头文件里。一个模块的文件再多,都必须要有两个umbrella header file。一个是整个模块的伞,外界使用你的模块的时候,只要include这个头文件即可。另一个用于给模块的所有子模块去include,然后这个头 文件里面就放一些公用的宏啊,配置啊啥的,全局mutex放在这里就最合适了。这两个文件不能是同一个,否则容易出循环include的问题。如果有人写 模块不喜欢写这样的头文件的,那现在就要改了。
然后我的mutex锁的命名规则就是:作用_mutex_序号,比如LinkListMutex_mutex_1,OperationQueue_mutex_2,后面的序号在每次有新锁的时候,就都加一个1。如果有哪个临界区进入的时候需要获得多个mutex锁的,我就按照序号的顺序去进行加锁操作(pthread_mutex_lock),这样就能够保证不会出现死锁了。
如果是属于某个struct内部的mutex锁,那么也一样,只不过序号可以不必跟全局锁挂钩,也可以从1开始数。
以下是本人平时代码中参考别人代码之后,用c++封装的关于锁以及线程同步条件变量的代码参考,欢迎指导:
#ifndef _MUTEX_HELPER_HPP_
#define _MUTEX_HELPER_HPP_
#include
namespace clientAPI
{
//互斥锁
class MutexLock
{
public:
MutexLock(){ pthread_mutex_init(&m_stMutex, NULL); }
~MutexLock(){ pthread_mutex_destroy(&m_stMutex); }
void lock(){ pthread_mutex_lock(&m_stMutex); }
int unlock() { return pthread_mutex_unlock(&m_stMutex); }
bool trylock(){ return pthread_mutex_trylock(&m_stMutex) == 0;}
pthread_mutex_t* getMutexPtr(){ return &m_stMutex;}
private:
pthread_mutex_t m_stMutex;
};
//读写锁
class ReadWriteLock
{
public:
ReadWriteLock() { pthread_rwlock_init(&m_stReadWrite, NULL); }
~ReadWriteLock() { pthread_rwlock_destroy(&m_stReadWrite); }
void rdlock() { pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&m_stReadWrite); }
void wrlock() { pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&m_stReadWrite); }
void unlock() { pthread_rwlock_unlock(&m_stReadWrite); }
private:
pthread_rwlock_t m_stReadWrite;
};
//自动互斥锁
class MutexLockGuard
{
public:
explicit MutexLockGuard(MutexLock& stMutex) : m_rstMutex(stMutex) { m_rstMutex.lock(); }
~MutexLockGuard(){ m_rstMutex.unlock(); }
private:
MutexLock& m_rstMutex;
};
//可选自动互斥锁
class OptionalMutexLockGuard
{
public:
OptionalMutexLockGuard(MutexLock& stMutex, bool bEnableLock) :
m_rstMutex(stMutex),m_bEnableLock(bEnableLock)
{
if(bEnableLock)
m_rstMutex.lock();
}
~OptionalMutexLockGuard()
{
if(m_bEnableLock)
m_rstMutex.unlock();
}
private:
MutexLock& m_rstMutex;
bool m_bEnableLock;
};
//读写锁
class CRWLock
{
public:
CRWLock() { pthread_rwlock_init(&m_stRWLock, NULL); }
~CRWLock() { pthread_rwlock_destroy(&m_stRWLock); }
int rdlock() { return pthread_rwlock_rdlock(&m_stRWLock); }
int wrlock() { return pthread_rwlock_wrlock(&m_stRWLock); }
int unlock() { return pthread_rwlock_unlock(&m_stRWLock); }
private:
pthread_rwlock_t m_stRWLock;
};
//自动读写锁
class CRWLockGuard
{
public:
explicit CRWLockGuard(CRWLock &stLock, bool IsReadLock)
:m_rstLock(stLock)
{
if (IsReadLock)
{
m_iRet = m_rstLock.rdlock();
}
else
{
m_iRet = m_rstLock.wrlock();
}
}
int GetLockRetVal(){ return m_iRet; }
~CRWLockGuard(){ m_rstLock.unlock(); };
private:
CRWLock& m_rstLock;
int m_iRet;
};
class Condition
{
public:
explicit Condition(MutexLock &mutex) : m_mutex (mutex)
{
pthread_cond_init(&m_cond, NULL);
}
~Condition()
{
pthread_cond_destroy(&m_cond);
}
void wait()
{
m_mutex.lock();
pthread_cond_wait(&m_cond, m_mutex.getMutexPtr() );
m_mutex.unlock();
}
int timewait(const struct timespec& timeout)
{
int result = 0;
m_mutex.lock();
result = pthread_cond_timedwait(&m_cond, m_mutex.getMutexPtr() , &timeout);
m_mutex.unlock();
return result;
}
void notify()
{
pthread_cond_signal(&m_cond);
}
void notifyAll()
{
pthread_cond_broadcast(&m_cond);
}
// 超时时间设置,单位为毫秒
void settimeout(struct timespec *tsp , unsigned int timeout_ms)
{
struct timeval now;
gettimeofday(&now, NULL);
tsp -> tv_sec = now.tv_sec;
tsp -> tv_nsec = now.tv_usec * 1000 + timeout_ms * 1000 *1000;
// 设置新的时间点算超时时间
tsp -> tv_sec += tsp -> tv_nsec/(1000*1000*1000);
tsp -> tv_nsec = tsp -> tv_nsec%(1000*1000*1000);
}
private:
pthread_cond_t m_cond;
MutexLock& m_mutex;
};
}
#endif