java 类相等_Java对象相等比较(Equals)

以下代码显示如何实现equals()和hashCode()方法

class Point { private int x; private int y; public Point(int x, int y) { this.x = x; this.y = y; } /* implement the equals() method */ public boolean equals(Object otherObject) { // Are the same? if (this == otherObject) { return true; } // Is otherObject a null reference? if (otherObject == null) { return false; } // Do they belong to the same class? if (this.getClass() != otherObject.getClass()) { return false; } // Get the reference of otherObject in a SmartPoint variable Point otherPoint = (Point) otherObject; // Do they have the same x and y co-ordinates boolean isSamePoint = (this.x == otherPoint.x && this.y == otherPoint.y); return isSamePoint; } /* * implement hashCode() method of the Object class, which is a requirement * when you implement equals() method */ public int hashCode() { return (this.x + this.y); } } public class Main { public static void main(String[] args) { Point pt1 = new Point(10, 10); Point pt2 = new Point(10, 10); Point pt3 = new Point(12, 19); Point pt4 = pt1; System.out.println("pt1 == pt1: " + (pt1 == pt1)); System.out.println("pt1.equals(pt1): " + pt1.equals(pt1)); System.out.println("pt1 == pt2: " + (pt1 == pt2)); System.out.println("pt1.equals(pt2): " + pt1.equals(pt2)); System.out.println("pt1 == pt3: " + (pt1 == pt3)); System.out.println("pt1.equals(pt3): " + pt1.equals(pt3)); System.out.println("pt1 == pt4: " + (pt1 == pt4)); System.out.println("pt1.equals(pt4): " + pt1.equals(pt4)); } }

上面的代码生成以下结果。

pt1 == pt1: true pt1.equals(pt1): true pt1 == pt2: false pt1.equals(pt2): true pt1 == pt3: false pt1.equals(pt3): false pt1 == pt4: true pt1.equals(pt4): true

这里是equals()方法实现的规范。 假设x，y和z是三个对象的非空引用。

自反性。 表达式x.equals(x)应该返回true。

对称性。 如果x.equals(y)返回true，那么y.equals(x)也必须返回true。

传递性。如果x.equals(y)返回true，那么y.equals(z)也返回true，则x.equals(z)必须返回true。

一致性。如果x.equals(y)返回true，它应该保持返回true，直到x或y的状态被修改。 如果x.equals(y)返回false，它应该保持返回false，直到x或y的状态被修改。

与null引用的比较：任何类的对象不应等于null引用。 表达式x.equals(null)应始终返回false。

与hashCode()方法的关系：如果x.equals(y)返回true，x.hashCode()必须返回与y.hashCode()相同的值。

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