1.String模块中的常量:
string.digits:数字0~9
string.letters:所有字母(大小写)
string.lowercase:所有小写字母
string.printable:可打印字符的字符串
string.punctuation:所有标点
string.uppercase:所有大写字母
import string
>>> string.uppercase
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'
>>> string.lowercase
'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
>>> string.digits
'0123456789'
>>> string.letters
'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'
>>> string.printable
'0123456789abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~ \t\n\r\x0b\x0c'
>>> string.punctuation
'!"#$%&\'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\\]^_`{|}~'
2.find函数在一个较长的字符串中查询子字符串,返回子串所在位置最左端索引,没有找到返回-1
>>> title = "Monty Python's Flying Circus"
>>> title.find('Monty')
0
>>> title.find('monty')
-1
可以选择起始点和结束点
>>> title.find('Python')
6
>>> title.find('Python', 3)
6
>>> title.find('Python', 3, 10)
-1
3.join函数在队列中添加元素(只能操作于字符串,返回一个修改后的字符串,但是原字符串不改变),它的逆函数为split,split函数将字符串分割成序列,返回该序列,原字符串不改变
>>> seq = ['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
>>> sep = '+'
>>> sep.join(seq)
'1+2+3+4+5'
>>> seq
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
>>> dirs = '', 'usr', 'bin', 'env'
>>> '/'.join(dirs)
'/usr/bin/env'
>>> print 'C:' + '\\'.join(dirs)
C:\usr\bin\env
>>> word = '1+2+3+4+5'
>>> word.split('+')
['1', '2', '3', '4', '5']
>>> word
'1+2+3+4+5'
4.lower函数返回字符串的小写字母版
>>> 'fafDAWdfaweDWED'.lower()
'fafdawdfawedwed'
扩展:title函数:首字母大写,其他小写
>>> "that's all folks".title()
"That'S All Folks"
5.replace函数返回某字符串所有匹配项均被替换之后得到的字符串,原字符串不改变
>>> word = 'this is a test'
>>> word.replace('is', 'eez')
'theez eez a test'
>>> word
'this is a test
6.strip函数去除两侧(不包括内部)空格的字符串,原序列不变
>>> word = ' this is test '
>>> word.strip()
'this is test'
>>> word
' this is test '
可在strip()加入参数,以去除想要去掉的指定字符
>>> '*** SPAM * for * everyone!!! ***'.strip('*')
' SPAM * for * everyone!!! '
>>> '*** SPAM * for * everyone!!! ***'.strip('* ')
'SPAM * for * everyone!!!'