浅谈python_Python浅谈之总结(整理)

一、简介

Python各方面的编程内容总结下来并不断更新，以便以后使用时查询。

二、详解

1、Python获取路径文件名

(1)split()函数进行字符串分割

(2)basename()函数

2、Python下的SQlite数据库

Python2.5集成了pysqlite数据库接口程序(sqlite3 模块)，这是Python标准库第一次将一个数据库接口程序纳入标准库。

SQLite操作的例子：

>>> import sqlite3

>>> cxn = sqlite3.connect('sqlite.db')

>>> cur = cxn.cursor()

>>> cur.execute('CREATE TABLE users(login VARCHAR(8), uid INTEGER)')

>>> cur.execute('INSERT INTO users VALUES("john", 100)')

>>> cur.execute('INSERT INTO users VALUES("jane", 110)')

>>> cur.execute('SELECT * FROM users')

>>> for eachUser in cur.fetchall():

... print eachUser

...

(u'john', 100)

(u'jane', 110)

>>> cur.execute('DROP TABLE users')

>>> cur.close()

>>> cxn.commit()

>>> cxn.close()

#!/usr/bin/env python

import os

from random import randrange as rrange

COLSIZ = 10

DB_EXC = None

def connect(dbDir, dbName):

global DB_EXC

try:

import sqlite3

except ImportError, e:

try:

from pysqlite2 import dbapi2 as sqlite3

except ImportError, e:

return None

DB_EXC = sqlite3

if not os.path.isdir(dbDir):

os.mkdir(dbDir)

cxn = sqlite3.connect(os.path.join(dbDir, dbName))

return cxn

def create(cur):

try:

cur.execute('''

CREATE TABLE users (

login VARCHAR(8),

uid INTEGER,

prid INTEGER)

''')

except DB_EXC.OperationalError, e:

drop(cur)

create(cur)

drop = lambda cur: cur.execute('DROP TABLE users')

NAMES = (

('aaron', 8312), ('angela', 7603), ('dave', 7306),

('davina',7902), ('elliot', 7911), ('ernie', 7410),

('jess', 7912), ('jim', 7512), ('larry', 7311),

('leslie', 7808), ('melissa', 8602), ('pat', 7711),

('serena', 7003), ('stan', 7607), ('faye', 6812),

('amy', 7209),

)

def randName():

pick = list(NAMES)

while len(pick) > 0:

yield pick.pop(rrange(len(pick)))

def insert(cur):

cur.executemany("INSERT INTO users VALUES(?, ?, ?)",

[(who, uid, rrange(1,5)) for who, uid in randName()])

getRC = lambda cur: cur.rowcount if hasattr(cur, 'rowcount') else -1

def update(cur):

fr = rrange(1,5)

to = rrange(1,5)

cur.execute(

"UPDATE users SET prid=%d WHERE prid=%d" % (to, fr))

return fr, to, getRC(cur)

def delete(cur):

rm = rrange(1,5)

cur.execute('DELETE FROM users WHERE prid=%d' % rm)

return rm, getRC(cur)

def dbDump(cur):

cur.execute('SELECT * FROM users')

print '%s%s%s' % ('LOGIN'.ljust(COLSIZ),

'USERID'.ljust(COLSIZ), 'PROJ#'.ljust(COLSIZ))

for data in cur.fetchall():

print '%s%s%s' % tuple([str(s).title().ljust(COLSIZ) \

for s in data])

def main():

print '*** Connecting to sqlite database'

cxn = connect('sqlitedir', 'test.db')

if not cxn:

print 'ERROR: %r not supported, exiting' % db

return

cur = cxn.cursor()

print '*** Creating users table'

create(cur)

print '*** Inserting names into table'

insert(cur)

dbDump(cur)

print '*** Randomly moving folks',

fr, to, num = update(cur)

print 'from one group (%d) to another (%d)' % (fr, to)

print '\t(%d users moved)' % num

dbDump(cur)

print '*** Randomly choosing group',

rm, num = delete(cur)

print '(%d) to delete' % rm

print '\t(%d users removed)' % num

dbDump(cur)

print '*** Dropping users table'

drop(cur)

cur.close()

cxn.commit()

cxn.close()

if __name__ == '__main__':

main()

3、print函数输出

>>> str = 'hello world'

>>> print str

hello world

>>> print 'length of (%s) is %d' %(str, len(str))

length of (hello world) is 11

>>> hex = 0xFF

>>> print 'hex = %x, dec = %d, oct=%o' % (hex, hex, hex)

hex = ff, dec = 255, oct=377

>>> import math

>>> print 'pi = %10.3f' % math.pi

pi = 3.142

>>> print 'pi = %-10.3f' % math.pi

pi = 3.142

>>> print 'pi = %06d' % int(math.pi)

pi = 000003

>>> precise = 4

>>> print ("%.*s" % (4,"python"))

pyth

>>> print ("%10.3s " % ("python"))

pyt

>>> lst = [1,2,3,4,'python']

>>> print lst

[1, 2, 3, 4, 'python']

>>> for i in range(0,6):

... print i,

...

0 1 2 3 4 5

>>> import sys

>>> sys.stdout.write('hello world\n')

hello world

4、Python中文支持

添加一行声明文件编码的注释(python默认使用ASCII编码)，必须将编码注释放在第一行或者第二行。

# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-

或者

#coding=utf-8

Windows下使用：

#coding=gbk

# -*- coding: gbk -*-