linux shell 时间函数吗,Linux下bash中关于日期函数date的格式及各种用法

#!/bin/sh

# Copyright (c) 2010 codingstandards. All rights reserved.

# file: datetime.sh

# description: Bash中关于日期时间操作的常用自定义函数

# license: LGPL

# author: codingstandards

# email: codingstandards@gmail.com

# version: 1.0

# date: 2010.02.27

# usage: yesterday

# 昨天

# 比如今天是2010年2月27日，那么结果就是2010-02-26

yesterday()

{

date --date='1 day ago' +%Y-%m-%d

}

# usage: today

# 今天

# 比如今天是2010年2月27日，那么结果就是2010-02-27

today()

{

date +%Y-%m-%d

}

# usage: now

# 现在，包括日期和时间、纳秒

# 比如：2010-02-27 11:29:52.991774000

now()

{

date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%N"

}

# usage: curtime

# 当前时间，包括日期和时间

# 比如：2010-02-27 11:51:04

curtime()

{

date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S'

# 也可写成：date '+%F %T'

}

# usage: last_month

# 取上个月的年月

# 比如：2010-01

last_month()

{

date --date='1 month ago' '+%Y-%m'

}

# usage: last_month_packed

# 取上个月的年月

# 比如：201001

last_month_packed()

{

date --date='1 month ago' '+%Y%m'

}

# usage: first_date_of_last_month

# 取上个月的第一天

# 比如本月是2010年2月，那么结果就是2010-01-01

first_date_of_last_month()

{

date --date='1 month ago' '+%Y-%m-01'

}

# usage: last_date_of_last_month

# 取上个月的最后一天

# 比如当前是2010年2月，那么结果就是2010-01-31

last_date_of_last_month()

{

date --date="$(date +%e) days ago" '+%Y-%m-%d'

}

# usage: day_of_week

# 今天的星期

# day of week (0..6);  0 represents Sunday

day_of_week()

{

date +%w

}

# usage: last_hour

# 上个小时

# 比如：2010-02-27-10

# 适合处理log4j生成的日志文件名

last_hour()

{

date --date='1 hour ago' +%Y-%m-%d-%H

}

# usage: the_hour

# 当前的小时，为方便算术比较，结果不以0开头

# 比如：12

the_hour()

{

#date +%H   # hour (00..23)

date +%k# hour ( 0..23)

}

# usage: the_minute

# 当前的分钟，为方便算术比较，结果不以0开头

# 比如：

the_minute()

{

MM=$(date +%M)# minute (00..59)

echo $[1$MM-100]

}

# usage: the_second

# 当前的秒数

# 比如：

the_second()

{

SS=$(date +%S)# second (00..60); the 60 is necessary to accommodate a leap  second

echo $[1$SS-100]

}

# usage: the_year

# 当前的年份 year (1970...)

# 比如：2010

the_year()

{

date +%Y

}

# usage: the_month

# 当前的月份，为方便算术比较，结果不以0开头

# 比如：2

the_month()

{

M=$(date +%m)# month (01..12)

echo $[1$M-100]

}

# usage: the_date

# 当前的日期，为方便算术比较，结果不以0开头

# 比如：27

the_date()

{

date +%e# day of month, blank padded ( 1..31)

}

# usage: days_ago

# 取n天前的日期

# 比如：days_ago 0就是今天，days_ago 1就是昨天，days_ago 2就是前天，days_ago -1就是明天

# 格式：2010-02-27

days_ago()

{

date --date="$1 days ago" +%Y-%m-%d

}

# usage: chinese_date_and_week()

# 打印中文的日期和星期

# 比如：2月27日 星期六

chinese_date_and_week()

{

WEEKDAYS=(星期日 星期一 星期二 星期三 星期四 星期五 星期六)

WEEKDAY=$(date +%w)

#DT="$(date +%Y年%m月%d日) ${WEEKDAYS[$WEEKDAY]}"

MN=1$(date +%m)

MN=$[MN-100]

DN=1$(date +%d)

DN=$[DN-100]

DT="$MN月$DN日 ${WEEKDAYS[$WEEKDAY]}"

echo "$DT"

}

# usage: rand_digit

# 随机数字，0-9

rand_digit()

{

S="$(date +%N)"

echo "${S:5:1}"

}

# usage: seconds_of_date [ []]

# 获取指定日期的秒数(自1970年)

# 比如：seconds_of_date "2010-02-27" 返回 1267200000

seconds_of_date()

{

if ["$1" ];then

date -d"$1 $2" +%s

else

date +%s

fi

}

# usage: date_of_seconds

# 根据秒数(自1970年)得到日期

# 比如：date_of_seconds 1267200000 返回 2010-02-27

date_of_seconds()

{

date -d"1970-01-01 UTC $1 seconds" "+%Y-%m-%d"

}

# usage: datetime_of_seconds

# 根据秒数(自1970年)得到日期时间

# 比如：datetime_of_seconds 1267257201 返回 2010-02-27 15:53:21

datetime_of_seconds()

{

date -d"1970-01-01 UTC $1 seconds" "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"

}

# usage: leap_year

# 判断是否闰年

# 如果yyyy是闰年，退出码为0；否则非0

# 典型示例如下：

# if leap_year 2010; then

# echo "2010 is leap year";

# fi

# if leap_year 2008; then

# echo "2008 is leap year";

# fi

# 摘自脚本：datetime_util.sh (2007.06.11)

# 注：这个脚本来自网络，略有修改(原脚本从标准输入获取年份，现改成通过参数指定)

# Shell program to read any year and find whether leap year or not

# -----------------------------------------------

# Copyright (c) 2005 nixCraft project

# This script is licensed under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above

# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC)

# Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information.

# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

leap_year()

{

# store year

yy=$1

isleap="false"

#echo -n "Enter year (yyyy) : "

#read yy

# find out if it is a leap year or not

if [ $((yy % 4)) -ne 0 ] ;then

:# not a leap year : means do nothing and use old value of isleap

elif [ $((yy % 400)) -eq 0 ] ;then

# yes, it's a leap year

isleap="true"

elif [ $((yy % 100)) -eq 0 ] ;then

:# not a leap year do nothing and use old value of isleap

else

# it is a leap year

isleap="true"

fi

#echo $isleap

if ["$isleap" =="true" ];then

# echo "$yy is leap year"

return 0

else

# echo "$yy is NOT leap year"

return 1

fi

}

# usage: validity_of_date

# 判断yyyy-mm-dd是否合法的日期

# 如果是，退出码为0；否则非0

# 典型示例如下：

# if validity_of_date 2007 02 03; then

# echo "2007 02 03 is valid date"

# fi

# if validity_of_date 2007 02 28; then

# echo "2007 02 28 is valid date"

# fi

# if validity_of_date 2007 02 29; then

# echo "2007 02 29 is valid date"

# fi

# if validity_of_date 2007 03 00; then

# echo "2007 03 00 is valid date"

# fi

# 摘自脚本：datetime_util.sh (2007.06.11)

# 注：这个脚本来自网络，略有修改(原脚本从标准输入获取年月日，现改成通过参数指定)

# Shell program to find the validity of a given date

# -----------------------------------------------

# Copyright (c) 2005 nixCraft project

# This script is licensed under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above

# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

# This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC)

# Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information.

# -------------------------------------------------------------------------

validity_of_date()

{

# store day, month and year

yy=$1

mm=$2

dd=$3

# store number of days in a month

days=0

# get day, month and year

#echo -n "Enter day (dd) : "

#read dd

#echo -n "Enter month (mm) : "

#read mm

#echo -n "Enter year (yyyy) : "

#read yy

# if month is negative ( # then it is invalid month

if [ $mm -le 0 -o $mm -gt 12 ];then

#echo "$mm is invalid month."

return 1

fi

# Find out number of days in given month

case $mmin

1) days=31;;

01) days=31;;

2) days=28 ;;

02) days=28 ;;

3) days=31 ;;

03) days=31 ;;

4) days=30 ;;

04) days=30 ;;

5) days=31 ;;

05) days=31 ;;

6) days=30 ;;

06) days=30 ;;

7) days=31 ;;

07) days=31 ;;

8) days=31 ;;

08) days=31 ;;

9) days=30 ;;

09) days=30 ;;

10) days=31 ;;

11) days=30 ;;

12) days=31 ;;

*) days=-1;;

esac

# find out if it is a leap year or not

if [ $mm -eq 2 ];then # if it is feb month then only check of leap year

if [ $((yy % 4)) -ne 0 ] ;then

:# not a leap year : means do nothing and use old value of days

elif [ $((yy % 400)) -eq 0 ] ;then

# yes, it's a leap year

days=29

elif [ $((yy % 100)) -eq 0 ] ;then

:# not a leap year do nothing and use old value of days

else

# it is a leap year

days=29

fi

fi

#echo $days

# if day is negative ( # that months days then day is invaild

if [ $dd -le 0 -o $dd -gt $days ];then

#echo "$dd day is invalid"

return 3

fi

# if no error that means date dd/mm/yyyy is valid one

#echo "$dd/$mm/$yy is a vaild date"

#echo "$yy-$mm-$dd is a valid date"

#echo "valid"

return 0

}

# usage: days_of_month

# 获取yyyy年mm月的天数，注意参数顺序

# 比如：days_of_month 2 2007 结果是28

days_of_month()

{

# store day, month and year

mm=$1

yy=$2

# store number of days in a month

days=0

# get day, month and year

#echo -n "Enter day (dd) : "

#read dd

#echo -n "Enter month (mm) : "

#read mm

#echo -n "Enter year (yyyy) : "

#read yy

# if month is negative ( # then it is invalid month

if [ $mm -le 0 -o $mm -gt 12 ];then

#echo "$mm is invalid month."

echo -1

return 1

fi

# Find out number of days in given month

case $mmin

1) days=31;;

01) days=31;;

2) days=28 ;;

02) days=28 ;;

3) days=31 ;;

03) days=31 ;;

4) days=30 ;;

04) days=30 ;;

5) days=31 ;;

05) days=31 ;;

6) days=30 ;;

06) days=30 ;;

7) days=31 ;;

07) days=31 ;;

8　) days=31 ;;#防止博客表情化，多加了一个空格

08) days=31 ;;

9) days=30 ;;

09) days=30 ;;

10) days=31 ;;

11) days=30 ;;

12) days=31 ;;

*) days=-1;;

esac

# find out if it is a leap year or not

if [ $mm -eq 2 ];then # if it is feb month then only check of leap year

if [ $((yy % 4)) -ne 0 ] ;then

:# not a leap year : means do nothing and use old value of days

elif [ $((yy % 400)) -eq 0 ] ;then

# yes, it's a leap year

days=29

elif [ $((yy % 100)) -eq 0 ] ;then

:# not a leap year do nothing and use old value of days

else

# it is a leap year

days=29

fi

fi

echo $days

}