ubuntu linux源,Linux 配置本地源 （Ubuntu / CentOS）

目录

Linux local source list

A. Ubuntu

1. 本地ISO

# 首先挂载本地镜像

mount -o loop -t iso9660 ./ubuntu.iso /media/cdrom

# 手动添加ISO镜像至源列表，这样就可以在软件库中找到ISO中的所有包

apt-cdrom -m -d=/media/cdrom add

# 刷新软件库

apt update

# 完成后查看sources.list ，本地源应该在第一条，否则默认还是从网上下载

e.g.

root@ubuntu:/# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom/

mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

root@ubuntu:/# sudo apt-cdrom -m -d /media/cdrom/ add

Using CD-ROM mount point /media/cdrom/

Identifying... [83cd189f3f418ae846baff8ecfba5390-2]

Scanning disc for index files...

Found 4 package indexes, 0 source indexes, 0 translation indexes and 1 signatures

Found label 'Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)'

This disc is called:

'Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)'

Copying package lists...gpgv: Signature made Tue 31 Jul 2018 08:39:26 AM CST using RSA key ID EFE21092

gpgv: Good signature from "Ubuntu CD Image Automatic Signing Key (2012) "

Reading Package Indexes... Done

Writing new source list

Source list entries for this disc are:

deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)]/ xenial main restricted

Repeat this process for the rest of the CDs in your set.

root@ubuntu:/# vim /etc/apt/sources.list

# 此时sources.list中多出一行本地源

# deb cdrom:[Ubuntu-Server 16.04.5 LTS _Xenial Xerus_ - Release amd64 (20180731)]/ xenial main restricted

root@ubuntu:/#

root@ubuntu:/# sudo apt update

2. 制作本地源

平时apt-get install安装软件时，下载的deb文件都会存放在/var/cache/apt/archives/下，为了今后重装或给别人用 。

步骤：

# 新建离线源目录

mkdir ~/packs

# 将缓存复制到目录

cp -rv /var/cache/apt/archives/* ~/packs

# 拷贝过来发现在packs当中为文件都是root账户的，需要修改

# 修改所有者

# sudo chown -R someone.someone * $pack_dir

# 修改权限

# sudo chmod ug+rw,o+r * $pack_dir

# 建立Packages包，里面记录了packs目录下的软件包信息，包括依赖信息

dpkg-scanpackages ~/packs /dev/null |gzip > packs/Packages.gz -r

# 将~/packs复制到目标计算机，或本机的某处

vim /etc/apt/sources.list

# 添加 deb file:/// /home/someone/packs/

# 注意： packs后面有一个斜杠，全路径前面还要有空格

# 更新源

sudo apt-get update ---allow-insecure-repositories

sudo apt-get install -f

sudo apt-get xxxx --allow-unauthenticated

# 本地的源是没有签名的，直接更新ubuntu1604下的apt会提示找不到release文件，是一种不安全的源，默认是被禁用的。如果还要安装的话需要加上 --allow-unauthenticated 选项。

# N: Updating from such a repository can't be done securely, and is therefore disabled by default.

B. CentOS

1. 本地ISO

1. 首先创建挂载点

2. 然后挂载光驱

3. 移除原有源

4. 新建local.repo文件,内容如下：

​```

[name]

name="local repo"

baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/

enabeld=1

gpgcheck=0

​```

5. 对yum进行初始化操作

e.g.

[root@cent7 ~]# mkdir /media/cdrom

[root@cent7 ~]# mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom

mount: /dev/sr0 is write-protected, mounting read-only

[root@cent7 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# pwd

/etc/yum.repos.d

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# ls

CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Base.repo.bak CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Sources.repo CentOS-Vault.repo epel.repo epel-testing.repo mysql-community.repo mysql-community-source.repo

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# vim local.repo

写入以下内容：

[name]

name="local repo"

baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/

enabeld=1

gpgcheck=0

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all # 清除缓存

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Cleaning repos: name

Cleaning up everything

Maybe you want: rm -rf /var/cache/yum, to also free up space taken by orphaned data from disabled or removed repos

Cleaning up list of fastest mirrors

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# yum makecache # 建立新缓存

Loaded plugins: fastestmirror

Determining fastest mirrors

name | 3.6 kB 00:00:00

(1/4): name/group_gz | 3.5 kB 00:00:00

(2/4): name/primary_db | 776 kB 00:00:00

(3/4): name/other_db | 198 kB 00:00:00

(4/4): name/filelists_db | 298 kB 00:00:00

Metadata Cache Created

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]# yum list | wc -l # 查看可用个数

546

[root@cent7 yum.repos.d]#