在一个Web项目中,只要是存在数据库就一定会有JavaBean文件。
一个JavaBean文件会对应一张数据库中的表,供dao中的代码来调用用来存取数据。
我们都知道,在数据库设计的时候,如果A、B两张表存在一对多的关系,一定会将一那方的主键设置为多一方的外键来建立关联关系
比如HR项目中,职位表与员工表、部门表与员工表、级别表与员工表,都存在着一对多的关系(一个职位对应多个员工,一个部门对应多个员工等)
在CDM(数据模型)数据库设计中如图:
两个或多个实体中存在多对一的关系
转换成PDM(物理模型)后,如图:
在这里就出现了关联关系。
那么在Web项目中的JavaBean文件应该如何建立它们之间的关联关系呢?
一般来讲我们通常会这样做:
//员工表对应的JavaBean
public classEmploye {private intid;private inteid;privateString name;privateDate bornDate;privateString gender;privateString email;privateString phone;privateDate joinDate;private shortlevelId;private shortdepartmentId;private shortpostId;private bytezaizhi;public intgetId() {returnid;
}public void setId(intid) {this.id =id;
}public intgetEid() {returneid;
}public void setEid(inteid) {this.eid =eid;
}publicString getName() {returnname;
}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;
}publicDate getBornDate() {returnbornDate;
}public voidsetBornDate(Date bornDate) {this.bornDate =bornDate;
}publicString getGender() {returngender;
}public voidsetGender(String gender) {this.gender =gender;
}publicString getEmail() {returnemail;
}public voidsetEmail(String email) {this.email =email;
}publicString getPhone() {returnphone;
}public voidsetPhone(String phone) {this.phone =phone;
}publicDate getJoinDate() {returnjoinDate;
}public voidsetJoinDate(Date joinDate) {this.joinDate =joinDate;
}public shortgetLevelId() {returnlevelId;
}public void setLevelId(shortlevelId) {this.levelId =levelId;
}public shortgetDepartmentId() {returndepartmentId;
}public void setDepartmentId(shortdepartmentId) {this.departmentId =departmentId;
}public shortgetPostId() {returnpostId;
}public void setPostId(shortpostId) {this.postId =postId;
}public bytegetZaizhi() {returnzaizhi;
}public void setZaizhi(bytezaizhi) {this.zaizhi =zaizhi;
}
}
//职位表对应的JavaBean
public classPost {private shortpostId;privateString postName;public shortgetPostId() {returnpostId;
}public void setPostId(shortpostId) {this.postId =postId;
}publicString getPostName() {returnpostName;
}public voidsetPostName(String postName) {this.postName =postName;
}
}
//部门表对应的JavaBean
public classDepartment {private shortdepartmentId;privateString departmentName;public shortgetDepartmentId() {returndepartmentId;
}public void setDepartmentId(shortdepartmentId) {this.departmentId =departmentId;
}publicString getDepartmentName() {returndepartmentName;
}public voidsetDepartmentName(String departmentName) {this.departmentName =departmentName;
}
}
//级别表对应的JavaBean
public classLevel {private shortlevelId;privateString levelName;public shortgetLevelId() {returnlevelId;
}public void setLevelId(shortlevelId) {this.levelId =levelId;
}publicString getLevelName() {returnlevelName;
}public voidsetLevelName(String levelName) {this.levelName =levelName;
}
}
现在的需求是:多表联查显示每个员工对应的职位名,部门名称,级别名称
首先说不好的解决方式:
1、可以在Employe中增加writerPostName字段来存储职位名、增加writerDepartmentName字段储存部门名称、添加writerLevelName字段储存级别名称。这样当然是可以的。
不过,我们现在的需求是需要得到postName、departmentName、levelName,我们加writerPostName、writerDepartmentName、writerLevelName字段来接收,那如果我们哪天又多了个需求,需要再得到Employe中的其它字段该怎么办呢?这显然很麻烦!
2、可以在jsp页面使用将取到的员工的postId、departmentId、levelId值与各个从表的id值进行比对,然后输出对应的postName、departmentName、levelName但是违背了jsp只负责显示规范,而且效率不高
并且,有很重要的一点:
在基础的Web项目中,基本的文件规划应该是:
各个部分功能大致是这样的:
bean包中为JavaBean文件,用于对数据的存取操作
dao中定义一系列业务逻辑操作需要的数据库增删改查操作需要的接口
dao.impl中为dao的实现类
service中为一些业务逻辑实现方法
servlet中为一些Servlet文件,用来接收jsp中传递过来的参数值,然后调用service中的方法进行业务处理,最后进行页面跳转
.jsp文件只负责显示
到现在,我们还忘记一件事情:
在Java中有一个很重要的概念、也是一个很不好理解透彻的概念:面向对象的思想
之前的方法无法将面向对象的思想体现出来,那我们现在就换一个方法:
刚才我们考虑到,用增加字段来解决问题。
同样的,如果我们将Post、Department、Level中的所有属性都添加到的Employe中,我们为何不在Employe中建立三个Post、Department、Level类型的对象来存储这些信息呢!
所以,我们可以将Employe改善成:
public classEmploye {private intid;private inteid;privateString name;privateDate bornDate;privateString gender;privateString email;privateString phone;privateDate joinDate;private shortlevelId;private shortdepartmentId;private shortpostId;private bytezaizhi;public intgetId() {returnid;
}public void setId(intid) {this.id =id;
}public intgetEid() {returneid;
}public void setEid(inteid) {this.eid =eid;
}publicString getName() {returnname;
}public voidsetName(String name) {this.name =name;
}publicDate getBornDate() {returnbornDate;
}public voidsetBornDate(Date bornDate) {this.bornDate =bornDate;
}publicString getGender() {returngender;
}public voidsetGender(String gender) {this.gender =gender;
}publicString getEmail() {returnemail;
}public voidsetEmail(String email) {this.email =email;
}publicString getPhone() {returnphone;
}public voidsetPhone(String phone) {this.phone =phone;
}publicDate getJoinDate() {returnjoinDate;
}public voidsetJoinDate(Date joinDate) {this.joinDate =joinDate;
}public shortgetLevelId() {returnlevelId;
}public void setLevelId(shortlevelId) {this.levelId =levelId;
}public shortgetDepartmentId() {returndepartmentId;
}public void setDepartmentId(shortdepartmentId) {this.departmentId =departmentId;
}public shortgetPostId() {returnpostId;
}public void setPostId(shortpostId) {this.postId =postId;
}public bytegetZaizhi() {returnzaizhi;
}public void setZaizhi(bytezaizhi) {this.zaizhi =zaizhi;
}//新添加的类型对象
privatePost post;privateDepartment department;privateLevel level;publicPost getPost() {returnpost;
}public voidsetPost(Post post) {this.post =post;
}publicDepartment getDepartment() {returndepartment;
}public voidsetDepartment(Department department) {this.department =department;
}publicLevel getLevel() {returnlevel;
}public voidsetLevel(Level level) {this.level =level;
}
}
这样我们将一个Post对象、一个Department对象、一个Level对象存入到Employe中,我们就可以利用这三个对象中的任意属性了。
那Post、Department、Level中是否需要改善呢?
那当然需要了。
如果也考虑到面向对象的思想,我们应该进行这样的改善:
public classPost {private shortpostId;privateString postName;private ArrayListemployes;public ArrayListgetEmployes() {returnemployes;
}public void setEmployes(ArrayListemployes) {this.employes =employes;
}public shortgetPostId() {returnpostId;
}public void setPostId(shortpostId) {this.postId =postId;
}publicString getPostName() {returnpostName;
}public voidsetPostName(String postName) {this.postName =postName;
}
}
该职位的所有员工以一个列表方式存放在Post中
public classDepartment {private shortdepartmentId;privateString departmentName;private ArrayListemployes;public ArrayListgetEmployes() {returnemployes;
}public void setEmployes(ArrayListemployes) {this.employes =employes;
}public shortgetDepartmentId() {returndepartmentId;
}public void setDepartmentId(shortdepartmentId) {this.departmentId =departmentId;
}publicString getDepartmentName() {returndepartmentName;
}public voidsetDepartmentName(String departmentName) {this.departmentName =departmentName;
}
}
该部门的所有员工以一个列表方式存放在Department中
public classLevel {private shortlevelId;privateString levelName;private ArrayListemployes;public ArrayListgetEmployes() {returnemployes;
}public void setEmployes(ArrayListemployes) {this.employes =employes;
}public shortgetLevelId() {returnlevelId;
}public void setLevelId(shortlevelId) {this.levelId =levelId;
}publicString getLevelName() {returnlevelName;
}public voidsetLevelName(String levelName) {this.levelName =levelName;
}
}
该级别的所有员工以一个列表方式存放在Level中
综上所述:
在数据库表中一对多的关联是利用外键的方式
而在JavaBean中,这些文件之间一对多的关联是:
在一的一方建立一个多一方的列表
在多的一方建立一个一一方的对象
最后:在jsp页面取值
对象.post.getPostName()
对象.department.getDepartmentName()
对象.level.getLevelName()