centos 编译nginx php mariadb,CentOS 7使用Nginx+MariaDB+PHP安装Nextcloud 13

在这篇文章中，我将向你展示如何在 CentOS 7 服务器中安装和配置最新版本的 Nextcloud 13。我会通过 Nginx 和 PHP7-FPM 来运行 Nextcloud，同时使用 MariaDB 做为数据库系统。

一、环境说明

一个带有50G云硬盘的CVM主机(腾讯云)

CentOS 7.3 (腾讯云公共镜像)

SELinux关闭

已经使用yum update升级软件

二、安装Nginx

添加EPEL包的仓库源

yum -y install epel-release

通过EPEL仓库来安装Nginx

yum -y install nginx

三、安装PHP7和PHP7-FPM

添加 PHP7-FPM webtatic 仓库，并安装PHP7以及功能相关的包。

rpm -Uvh https://mirror.webtatic.com/yum/el7/webtatic-release.rpm

yum -y install php70w-fpm php70w-cli php70w-gd php70w-mcrypt php70w-MySQL php70w-pear php70w-xml php70w-mbstring php70w-pdo php70w-json php70w-pecl-apcu php70w-pecl-apcu-devel

四、配置PHP-FPM

我们需要配置 php-fpm 与 Nginx 协同运行。php7-fpm 将使用 nginx 用户来运行，并监听 9000 端口。

使用 vim 编辑默认的 php7-fpm 配置文件。

vim /etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf

修改以下不连续的记录点，修改用户，指定端口，启用环境变量。

#Line 8-10

user = nginx

group = nginx

#Line 22

listen = 127.0.0.1:9000

#Line 366-370

env[HOSTNAME] = $HOSTNAME

env[PATH] = /usr/local/bin:/usr/bin:/bin

env[TMP] = /tmp

env[TMPDIR] = /tmp

env[TEMP] = /tmp

保存文件并退出 vim 编辑器.

需要在 /var/lib/ 目录下创建一个新的文件夹 session，并将其拥有者变更为 nginx 用户。最后启动 php-fpm 和 Nginx，并且将它们设置为随开机启动的服务。

mkdir -p /var/lib/php/session

chown nginx:nginx -R /var/lib/php/session/

sudo systemctl start php-fpm

sudo systemctl start nginx

sudo systemctl enable php-fpm

sudo systemctl enable nginx

五、安装MariaDB

这里使用 MariaDB 作为 Nextcloud 的数据库。可以直接使用 yum 命令从 CentOS 默认远程仓库中安装 mariadb-server包。

yum -y install mariadb mariadb-server

systemctl start mariadb

systemctl enable mariadb

另外也可以选择安装MySQL之前建议更换yum为国内的源，不然下载速度会很慢。这里有一篇我自己写的博客，传送门：http://blog.csdn.net/qq_36731677/article/details/76060519

六、配置MariaDB

使用MySQL初始化指令初始化root用户，默认密码为空。

mysql_secure_installation

#配置过程

Set root password? [Y/n] Y

New password:

Re-enter new password:

Remove anonymous users? [Y/n] Y

Disallow root login remotely? [Y/n] Y

Remove test database and access to it? [Y/n] Y

Reload privilege tables now? [Y/n] Y

先使用命令登录MySQL

mysql -u root -p

输入以下 mysql 查询语句来创建新的数据库和用户。

create database nextcloud;

create user nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';

grant all privileges on nextcloud_db.* to nextclouduser@localhost identified by 'nextclouduser@';

flush privileges;

exit

七、安装SSL证书

我们可以自己生成SSL证书，也可以申请专业的SSL证书。

自签名的SSL证书在使用的时候会报错，建议使用有资质的SSL证书。

安装过程如下：

为 SSL 文件创建新目录：

mkdir -p /etc/nginx/cert/

可以使用OpenSSL自签名证书，但是更推荐使用具有官方认证的SSL证书

openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -out /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.crt -keyout /etc/nginx/cert/cloud.example.com.key

在该目录下储存申请过的SSL证书，并设置证书的权限：]

chmod 700 /etc/nginx/cert

chmod 600 /etc/nginx/cert/*

八、下载和初步安装 Nextcloud

找到正确的官方下载库：https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/

安装必要的下载解压工具

yum -y install wget unzip

先进入 /tmp 目录，然后使用 wget 从官网下载最新的 Nextcloud 13。

cd /tmp

wget https://download.nextcloud.com/server/releases/nextcloud-13.0.0.zip

解压 Nextcloud，并将其移动到 /var/www 目录。

mkdir /var/www/

unzip nextcloud-13.0.0.zip

mv nextcloud/ /var/www/

为NextCloud创建文件储存文件夹，并授予一定的权限。

cd /var/www

mkdir -p nextcloud/data

chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/

手动指定文件储存位置

若想修改文件储存的位置(比如你另外购买了一块云硬盘)

这时则需要编辑nextcloud的配置文件，修改datadirectory指向的文件夹。

vim /var/www/nextcloud/config/config.sample.php

将'datadirectory' => '/var/www/owncloud_data/'

修改为'datadirectory' => '你的路径'

九、配置Nginx转发规则

我们需要在Nginx的配置文件下写入有关nextcloud的转发协议。

我们可以直接新建一个配置文件并写入信息，当Nginx重新加载后就能使用配置文件了。

cd /etc/nginx/conf.d/

vim nextcloud.conf

根据个人需要修改并写入配置：

server_name需要改为域名

ssl_certificate和ssl_certificate_key需要改为SSL证书对应的文件

root需要改为nextcloud文件夹所在路径

配置数据来自nextcloud官方文档

upstream php-handler {

server 127.0.0.1:9000;

#server unix:/var/run/php5-fpm.sock;

}

server {

listen 80;

listen [::]:80;

server_name cloud.example.com;

# enforce https

return 301 https://$server_name$request_uri;

}

server {

listen 443 ssl http2;

listen [::]:443 ssl http2;

server_name cloud.example.com;

ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.crt;

ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/nginx/cloud.example.com.key;

# Add headers to serve security related headers

# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into this

# topic first.

# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000;

# includeSubDomains; preload;";

#

# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about

# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option

# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped

# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list

# could take several months.

add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";

add_header X-Robots-Tag none;

add_header X-Download-Options noopen;

add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

# Path to the root of your installation

root /var/www/nextcloud/;

location = /robots.txt {

allow all;

log_not_found off;

access_log off;

}

# The following 2 rules are only needed for the user_webfinger app.

# Uncomment it if you're planning to use this app.

#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta /public.php?service=host-meta last;

#rewrite ^/.well-known/host-meta.json /public.php?service=host-meta-json

# last;

location = /.well-known/carddav {

return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;

}

location = /.well-known/caldav {

return 301 $scheme://$host/remote.php/dav;

}

# set max upload size

client_max_body_size 512M;

fastcgi_buffers 64 4K;

# Enable gzip but do not remove ETag headers

gzip on;

gzip_vary on;

gzip_comp_level 4;

gzip_min_length 256;

gzip_proxied expired no-cache no-store private no_last_modified no_etag auth;

gzip_types application/atom+xml application/Javascript application/json application/ld+json application/manifest+json application/rss+xml application/vnd.geo+json application/vnd.ms-fontobject application/x-font-ttf application/x-web-app-manifest+json application/xhtml+xml application/xml font/opentype image/bmp image/svg+xml image/x-icon text/cache-manifest text/css text/plain text/vcard text/vnd.rim.location.xloc text/vtt text/x-component text/x-cross-domain-policy;

# Uncomment if your server is build with the ngx_pagespeed module

# This module is currently not supported.

#pagespeed off;

location / {

rewrite ^ /index.php$uri;

}

location ~ ^/(?:build|tests|config|lib|3rdparty|templates|data)/ {

deny all;

}

location ~ ^/(?:\.|autotest|occ|issue|indie|db_|console) {

deny all;

}

location ~ ^/(?:index|remote|public|cron|core/ajax/update|status|ocs/v[12]|updater/.+|ocs-provider/.+)\.php(?:$|/) {

fastcgi_split_path_info ^(.+\.php)(/.*)$;

include fastcgi_params;

fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;

fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $fastcgi_path_info;

fastcgi_param HTTPS on;

#Avoid sending the security headers twice

fastcgi_param modHeadersAvailable true;

fastcgi_param front_controller_active true;

fastcgi_pass php-handler;

fastcgi_intercept_errors on;

fastcgi_request_buffering off;

}

location ~ ^/(?:updater|ocs-provider)(?:$|/) {

try_files $uri/ =404;

index index.php;

}

# Adding the cache control header for js and css files

# Make sure it is BELOW the PHP block

location ~ \.(?:css|js|woff|svg|gif)$ {

try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;

add_header Cache-Control "public, max-age=15778463";

# Add headers to serve security related headers (It is intended to

# have those duplicated to the ones above)

# Before enabling Strict-Transport-Security headers please read into

# this topic first.

# add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=15768000; includeSubDomains; preload;";

#

# WARNING: Only add the preload option once you read about

# the consequences in https://hstspreload.org/. This option

# will add the domain to a hardcoded list that is shipped

# in all major browsers and getting removed from this list

# could take several months.

add_header X-Content-Type-Options nosniff;

add_header X-XSS-Protection "1; mode=block";

add_header X-Robots-Tag none;

add_header X-Download-Options noopen;

add_header X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies none;

# Optional: Don't log access to assets

access_log off;

}

location ~ \.(?:png|html|ttf|ico|jpg|jpeg)$ {

try_files $uri /index.php$uri$is_args$args;

# Optional: Don't log access to other assets

access_log off;

}

}

检验一下配置的正确性之后就能用域名访问网盘了

nginx -t

systemctl restart nginx

常见错误

有可能你在访问页面时可以正常显示但是提示你“内部服务器错误”，若出现这个情况有两个可能：

Nginx对nextcloud文件夹的访问权限不够，使用如下操作重新给予权限

cd /var/www

mkdir -p nextcloud/data

chown nginx:nginx -R nextcloud/

SELinux未关闭

永久关闭SELinux需要编辑文件/etc/selinux/config，将SELINUX=enforcing修改为SELINUX=disabled，重启后生效

临时关闭SELinux只需要在shell中输入setenforce 0就可以临时关闭SELinux。