java sax_java中SAX方式读写大xml文件

在Java中，我们用得最多的读写xml文件的方式是DOM，但DOM是将整个xml以DOM树的形式加载到内存中，再对DOM树进行操作，这样虽然很方便，但是，如果该xml文件较大时，就会造成内存溢出，写入xml也存在此问题，关于DOM解析的例子网上一堆一堆的，在此不作介绍。

SAX是基于事件的方法，它很类似于标签库的处理机制，在标签开始、结束以及错误发生等等地方调用相应的接口实现方法，不是全部文档都读入内存。

SAX具有优异的性能和利用更少的存储空间特点。

示例如下：

写xml：

package xml;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.FileOutputStream;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.OutputStream;

import java.util.HashMap;

import java.util.Iterator;

import java.util.Set;

import javax.xml.transform.OutputKeys;

import javax.xml.transform.Result;

import javax.xml.transform.Transformer;

import javax.xml.transform.TransformerConfigurationException;

import javax.xml.transform.sax.SAXTransformerFactory;

import javax.xml.transform.sax.TransformerHandler;

import javax.xml.transform.stream.StreamResult;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import org.xml.sax.helpers.AttributesImpl;

public class WriteXml {

SAXTransformerFactory fac =

(SAXTransformerFactory) SAXTransformerFactory

.newInstance();

private TransformerHandler handler = null;

private OutputStream outStream = null;

private String fileName;

private AttributesImpl atts;

private String rootElement;

public WriteXml(String fileName, String

rootElement) {

this.fileName = fileName;

this.rootElement =

rootElement;

init();

}

public void init() {

try {

handler =

fac.newTransformerHandler();

Transformer

transformer = handler.getTransformer();

transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.ENCODING,

"UTF-8");//

//

设置输出采用的编码方式

transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.INDENT,

"yes");// 是否自动添加额外的空白

transformer.setOutputProperty(OutputKeys.OMIT_XML_DECLARATION,

"no");//

是否忽略xml声明

outStream

= new FileOutputStream(fileName);

Result

resultxml = new StreamResult(outStream);

handler.setResult(resultxml);

atts = new

AttributesImpl();

start();

} catch

(TransformerConfigurationException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (FileNotFoundException

e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

private void start() {

try {

handler.startDocument();

handler.startElement("",

"", rootElement, atts);

} catch (SAXException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public void

write(HashMap map,

String objectElement)

throws

SAXException {

Set

keys = map.keySet();

Iterator it =

keys.iterator();

if (objectElement != null)

{

handler.startElement("",

"", objectElement, atts);

}

while (it.hasNext()) {

String key =

(String) it.next();

String value

= map.get(key);

handler.startElement("",

"", key, atts);

handler.characters(value.toCharArray(),

0, value.length());

handler.endElement("",

"", key);

}

if (objectElement != null)

{

handler.endElement("",

"", objectElement);

}

}

public void end() {

try {

handler.endElement("",

"", rootElement);

handler.endDocument();//

文档结束,同步到磁盘

outStream.close();

} catch (SAXException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

WriteXml xml = new

WriteXml("c:/student.xml", "students");

try {

HashMap

String> map = new HashMap

String>();

map.put("id",

"20050505");

map.put("name",

"zhaobenshan");

map.put("age",

"21");

map.put("classes",

"Act051");

xml.write(map,

"student");

map = new

HashMap();

map.put("id",

"20050506");

map.put("name",

"songdandan");

map.put("age",

"20");

map.put("classes",

"Act052");

xml.write(map,

"student");

map = new

HashMap();

map.put("id",

"20050507");

map.put("name",

"fanchushi");

map.put("age",

"21");

map.put("classes",

"Act051");

xml.write(map,

"student");

xml.end();

} catch (SAXException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

}

生成的students.xml

?>

20050505

zhaobenshan

21

Act051

Art

20050506

songdandan

20

Act052

Art

20050507

fanchushi

21

Act053

Art

解析students.xml，将每个对象student封装到map中

import java.io.FileInputStream;

import java.io.FileNotFoundException;

import java.io.IOException;

import java.io.InputStream;

import java.util.HashMap;

import javax.xml.parsers.ParserConfigurationException;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParser;

import javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory;

import org.xml.sax.Attributes;

import org.xml.sax.SAXException;

import org.xml.sax.helpers.DefaultHandler;

public class ReadXml extends DefaultHandler {

private HashMap

String> map;// 存储对象的属性名和属性值

private StringBuffer currentPath = new

StringBuffer("/");

private String objElement;// 标识一个对象的标签

private String elementName;// 元素名称

public ReadXml(String objElement) {

this.objElement =

objElement;

}

public void reader(String pathfile) {

long start =

System.currentTimeMillis();

InputStream inStream =

null;

try {

inStream =

new FileInputStream(pathfile);

SAXParserFactory

saxfac = SAXParserFactory.newInstance();

SAXParser

saxParser = saxfac.newSAXParser();

saxParser.parse(inStream,

this);

} catch (FileNotFoundException

e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch

(ParserConfigurationException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (SAXException e)

{

e.printStackTrace();

} catch (IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

} finally {

try {

inStream.close();

} catch

(IOException e) {

e.printStackTrace();

}

}

long end =

System.currentTimeMillis();

System.out.println("解析耗时：" +

(end - start));

}

StringBuffer text = new StringBuffer("");

@Override

public void characters(char[] ch, int start, int

length)

throws

SAXException {

if(map != null

&& elementName != null){

String

content = new String(ch, start, length);

if(content.trim().length()

> 0){

text.append(new

String(ch, start, length));

map.put(elementName,

text.toString());

}

}

}

@Override

public void endElement(String uri, String

localName, String qName)

throws

SAXException {

currentPath

.delete(currentPath.lastIndexOf(qName),

currentPath.length());

if (qName.equals(objElement))

{

// do

something for map

System.out.println("Parsed

and object: " + map);

}

elementName = null;

text = new

StringBuffer("");

}

@Override

public void startElement(String uri, String

localName, String qName,

Attributes

attributes) throws SAXException {

currentPath.append(qName +

"/");

elementName = qName;

if (qName.equals(objElement))

{

map = new

HashMap();

}

}

public static void main(String[] args) {

ReadXml xml = new

ReadXml("student");

xml.reader("c:\\students.xml");

}

}