python输入数据类型_python的输入输出及常用数据类型

# 程序: 输入(键盘)------代码(java/python)-------输出(显示屏)

#####输入######

*** python2：

- input:(只接受数值类型)

```

>>> help(input)

>>> import getpass

>>> num = getpass.getpass("请输入密码:")

请输入密码:

>>> print(num)

12345678

>>> num = input("请输入密码:")

请输入密码:westos123

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'westos123' is not defined

```

- raw_input(接收字符串类型)

```

>>> name = raw_input("请输入用户名:")

请输入用户名:westos

# 如果接收的值要进行数值比较时， 一定要转化为同种类型比较;

>>> age = raw_input("请输入年龄:")

请输入年龄:19

>>> type(age)

>>> age >19

True

>>> int(age) >19

False

```

*** python3

- input: 接收的为字符串数据类型, 没有raw_input

```

>>> num = input()

12

>>> name = input()

westos

>>> type(num)

>>> type(name)

```

########## 输出#######

```

# %s:代表字符串, %d: 整形， %f: 浮点型

>>> print("%s的年龄为%s" %(name, age))

cooffee的年龄为19

# .2f： 保留小数点后两位

>>> money = 7800.7812345660

>>> print("%s本月的公资为%f" %(name, money))

coffee本月的公资为7800.781235

>>> print("%s本月的工资为%.2f" %(name, money))

cooffee本月的工资为7800.78

#.3d： 整形总占位数， 不够的前面补0

>>> sid = 1

>>> print("%s的学号为130%d" %(name, sid))

cooffee的学号为1301

>>> print("%s的学号为130%.3d" %(name, sid))

cooffee的学号为130001

>>> sid = 10

>>> print("%s的学号为130%.3d" %(name, sid))

cooffee的学号为130010

```

#######数值类型#######

1(整形)

```

>>> aInt = 13

>>> print(aInt)

13

>>> print(type(aInt))

```

17438759847509836949587787(长整形)

```

** python2: 有长整形

>>> aLong = 125653274468735986958609585

>>> print(type(aLong))

>>> bLong = 1L

>>> print(type(bLong))

**python3中: 没有长整形

>>> aInt=1

>>> type(aInt)

>>> aLong = 8727398274987398555567985798567777777777985769843

>>> type(aLong)

>>> bLong = 1L

File "", line 1

bLong = 1L

^

SyntaxError: invalid syntax

```

1.23455, 12000000 , 12e6, 1.2e+7, 0.12e+8, 0.012, 1.2e-2(浮点型)

```

>>> aFloat = 1.2

>>> type(aFloat)

>>> aFloat = 12e10

>>> aFloat

120000000000.0

>>> type(aFloat)

>>> aFloat=12e-10

>>> aFloat

1.2e-09

>>> type(aFloat)

```

2i+1(复数类型)====x**2>0, x**2=-1

```

>>> aComplex = 2j+3

>>> type(aComplex)

***查看帮助: 可以使用什么方法， 实现什么功能?

>>> help(aComplex)

>>> dir(aComplex)

['__abs__', '__add__', '__class__', '__coerce__', '__delattr__', '__div__', '__divmod__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__float__', '__floordiv__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getnewargs__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__int__', '__le__', '__long__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__neg__', '__new__', '__nonzero__', '__pos__', '__pow__', '__radd__', '__rdiv__', '__rdivmod__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rfloordiv__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__rpow__', '__rsub__', '__rtruediv__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__sub__', '__subclasshook__', '__truediv__', 'conjugate', 'imag', 'real']

***案例:

>>> aComplex.conjugate()

(3-2j)

>>> aComplex.imag

2.0

>>> aComplex.real

3.0

```

# 字符串数据类型

```

>>> aString = "hello"

>>> type(aString)

>>> dir(aString)

['__add__', '__class__', '__contains__', '__delattr__', '__doc__', '__eq__', '__format__', '__ge__', '__getattribute__', '__getitem__', '__getnewargs__', '__getslice__', '__gt__', '__hash__', '__init__', '__le__', '__len__', '__lt__', '__mod__', '__mul__', '__ne__', '__new__', '__reduce__', '__reduce_ex__', '__repr__', '__rmod__', '__rmul__', '__setattr__', '__sizeof__', '__str__', '__subclasshook__', '_formatter_field_name_split', '_formatter_parser', 'capitalize', 'center', 'count', 'decode', 'encode', 'endswith', 'expandtabs', 'find', 'format', 'index', 'isalnum', 'isalpha', 'isdigit', 'islower', 'isspace', 'istitle', 'isupper', 'join', 'ljust', 'lower', 'lstrip', 'partition', 'replace', 'rfind', 'rindex', 'rjust', 'rpartition', 'rsplit', 'rstrip', 'split', 'splitlines', 'startswith', 'strip', 'swapcase', 'title', 'translate', 'upper', 'zfill']

>>> help(aString.center)

>>> aString.center(40)

'                 hello                  '

>>> aString.center(40, '*')

'*****************hello******************'

>>> print("学生管理系统".center(50, '-'))

----------------学生管理系统----------------

>>> print("学生管理系统".center(50, '*'))

****************学生管理系统****************

```

# 数据类型的转换:

- 在python中, 所有的数据类型都可以作为内置函数，用来转换数据类型;

```

>>> str(1)

'1'

>>> int(2e-10)

0

>>> complex(2)

(2+0j)

```

# 如何删除内存中的变量?

```

>>> aFloat

1.2e-09

>>> del aFloat

>>> aFloat

Traceback (most recent call last):

File "", line 1, in NameError: name 'aFloat' is not defined

```

# 布尔数据类型

bool: 只有两个值(True, False)

```

>>> bool(a)

True

>>> bool(0)

False

>>> bool(67)

True

>>> bool(67.768)

True

>>> name = "cooffee"

>>> bool(name)

True

>>> name = ""

>>> bool(name)

False

```