mysql 二进制目录_mysql二进制指定目录安装数据库及MySQL配置【显哥出品，必为精品】...

一、mysql启动关闭

1.mysql启动流程

/etc/init.d/mysqld start ------> mysql.server ------> mysqld_safe ------> mysqld

systemctl start mysql ------> mysqld_safe ------> mysqld

mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf ------> mysqld_safe ------> mysqld

2.关闭数据库

/etc/init.d/mysqld stop

systemctl stop mysql

mysqladmin -uroot -p123 shutdown

#不建议使用的关闭方法

kill -9 mysqlpid

killall mysqld

pkill mysqld

二、mysql二进制指定目录安装数据库

1.下载源码包

[root@db02 ~]# wget https://cdn.mysql.com/archives/mysql-5.6/mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

2.安装依赖

[root@db02 ~]# yum install -y ncurses-devel libaio-devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc cmake autoconf

3.解压

[root@db02 ~]# tar xf mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

4.创建自定义目录

[root@db02 ~]# mkdir /server

5.移动数据

[root@db02 ~]# mv mysql-5.6.46-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64 /server/mysql-5.6.46

[root@db02 ~]# ln -s /server/mysql-5.6.46 /server/mysql

6.创建用户

[root@db02 ~]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

7.拷贝配置文件和脚本

[root@db02 ~]# cd /server/mysql/support-files/

[root@db02 support-files]# cp mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@db02 support-files]# cp my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf

cp: overwrite ‘/etc/my.cnf’? y

8.初始化数据库

[root@db02 support-files]# cd /server/mysql/scripts/

[root@db02 scripts]# ll

total 36

-rwxr-xr-x 1 7161 31415 34977 Sep 27 2019 mysql_install_db

[root@db02 scripts]# ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/server/mysql --datadir=/server/mysql/data

9.启动数据库

[root@db02 scripts]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 244: my_print_defaults: command not found

/etc/init.d/mysqld: line 264: cd: /usr/local/mysql: No such file or directory

Starting MySQL ERROR! Couldn't find MySQL server (/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe)

#启动报错，因为数据库在cmake阶段指定的目录都是 /usr/local，所以启动文件与我们指定的目录不一致

#修改启动文件

[root@db02 scripts]# sed -i 's#/usr/local#/server#g' /server/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe /etc/init.d/mysqld

#再次启动数据

[root@db02 scripts]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL.Logging to '/server/mysql/data/db02.err'.

SUCCESS!

10.配置system管理mysql

#1.system配置

[root@db02 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysql.service

[Unit]

Description=MySQL Server

Documentation=man:mysqld(8)

Documentation=https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/en/using-systemd.html

After=network.target

After=syslog.target

[Install]

WantedBy=multi-user.target

[Service]

User=mysql

Group=mysql

ExecStart=/server/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

LimitNOFILE = 5000

#2.重新加载启动列表

[root@db02 ~]# systemctl daemon-reload

11.system启动失败

#因为除了我们修改的启动文件，还有很多文件指定了 /usr/local

[root@db02 ~]# grep -r '/usr/local' /server/mysql/*

12.配置mysql的配置文件

[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

basedir=/server/mysql

datadir=/server/mysql/data

[root@db02 ~]# systemctl start mysql

[root@db02 ~]# !ps

ps -ef | grep mysql

mysql 7988 1 18 18:39 ? 00:00:00 /server/mysql/bin/mysqld --defaults-file=/etc/my.cnf

root 8011 7404 0 18:39 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto mysql

13.配置环境变量

[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh

export PATH=/server/mysql/bin:$PATH

[root@db02 ~]# source /etc/profile

三、mysql配置

1.配置mysql的地方

1.cmake阶段：cmake编译安装时指定目录到程序

2.配置文件：/etc/my.cnf ... 等

3.命令行指定配置

--skip-grant-tables

--skip-networking

--datadir=/application/mysql/data

--basedir=/application/mysql

--defaults-file=/etc/my,cnf

--pid-file=/application/mysql/data/db01.pid

--socket=/application/mysql/data/mysql.sock

--user=mysql

--port=3306

--log-error=/application/mysql/data/db01.err

2.配置文件

1)配置文件读取顺序

/etc/my.cnf

/etc/mysql/my.cnf

$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf(前提是在环境变量中定义了MYSQL_HOME变量)

defaults-extra-file (类似include)

~/.my.cnf

2)配置文件生效顺序

~/.my.cnf

defaults-extra-file (类似include)

$MYSQL_HOME/my.cnf(前提是在环境变量中定义了MYSQL_HOME变量)

/etc/mysql/my.cnf

/etc/my.cnf

3)配置文件生效顺序测试

#配置~/.my.cnf

[root@db02 ~]# vim ~/.my.cnf

[mysqld]

server_id=1

#配置$basedir/my.cnf

[root@db02 ~]# cat /server/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server_id=2

#配置/etc/mysql/my.cnf

[root@db02 ~]# cat /etc/mysql/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server_id=3

#配置/etc/my.cnf

[root@db02 ~]# cat /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

server_id=4

#重启数据库(不要使用system，因为里面指定/etc/my.cnf)

[root@db02 ~]# systemctl stop mysql.service

[root@db02 ~]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

#验证

mysql> show variables like '%server_id%';

3.配置的生效顺序

#cmake

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

#配置文件指定socket

[root@db02 ~]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

socket=/server/mysql/mysql.sock

#命令行配置

--socket=/opt/mysql.sock

#命令行指定文件

[root@db02 ~]# vim ~/1.txt

[mysqld]

socket=/mnt/mysql.sock

#测试优先级命令

[root@db02 ~]# mysqld_safe --defaults-file=~/1.txt --socket=/opt/mysql.sock

mysqld_safe 读取的是/etc/my.cnf

--defaults-file=~/1.txt 读取的是~/1.txt

--socket指定的是 /opt/mysql.sock

4.优先级结论

#优先接结论：

1.命令行

2.defaults-file

3.配置文件

4.cmake

#最终总的配置优先级顺序：

命令行 >> defaults-file >> ~/.my.cnf >> $basedir/my.cnf >> /etc/mysql/my.cnf >> /etc/my.cnf >> cmake