在使用linux系统的过程中,这里特指CentOS系列,使用yum安装软件包是非常方便的,但是有时只需要得到rpm包,并不希望安装包,那么,有些什么方法可以办到呢?
从网页下载
使用yumdownloader
yumdownloader是yum自带的一个工具,位于yum-utils包中。
检查系统是否已经安装了yum-utils
rpm -qa | grep yum-utils
如果未安装,则安装之
yum -y install yum-utils*
查看这个包安装的文件有哪些
rpm -ql yum-utils安装好了,使用方法是这样的,比如我需要下载vlock这个包,该命令会下载到当前目录
yumdownloader vlock
使用yum-downloadonly插件
安装yum-downloadonly
yum -y install yum-downloadonly
查看这个插件的版本
rpm -q yum-downloadonly使用方法
先删除之前安装了的vlock[和插件使用无关]
rpm -e vlock
下载vlock
yum -y install --downloadonly --downloaddir=/tmp vlock
--downloadonly 仅下载
--downloaddir 指定下载目录
直接从repo源下载
/etc/yum.repos.d/目录下的repo文件中会定义源地址,通常是http或者https的,因此可以用浏览器打开,然后直接下载啦
本地 yum 源
注:本脚本未测试
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#!/bin/bash
#自动搭建yum本地仓库
cdrom(){
mount/dev/cdrom/media/cdrom&>/dev/null
[$?-eq0]&&echo"挂载成功"
}
[-d/media/cdrom]||mkdir/media/cdrom
mount|grep-q/dev/sr0
if[$?-eq0]
then
umount/dev/sr0
cdrom
else
cdrom
fi
[-d/etc/yum.repos.d/bak]||mkdir/etc/yum.repos.d/bak
ls-l/etc/yum.repos.d/|grep*repo>/dev/null
if[$?-ne0]
then
echo"正在移动文件到目录下"
mv/etc/yum.repos.d/*repobak
else
echo"文件已经移动目录!"
fi
[-e/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-media.repo]||echo"[media]
name=CentOS-$releasever-Media
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/
gpgcheck=0
enabled=1">/etc/yum.repos.d/centos-media.repo
echo"清除yum缓存"
yumcleanall&>/dev/null
echo"YUM已经搭建完成"
echo-n"共有软件包:"
yumrepolist|tail-1|awk-F':''{print $2}'
cat/etc/fstab|grep/dev/sr0&>/dev/null
if[$?-ne0]
then
echo"正在写入开机自动挂载光盘"
echo"/dev/sr0 /media/cdrom iso9660 defaults 0 0">>/etc/fstab
fi
常用 yum 源
清缓存:
yum clean all
yum makecache
腾讯 epel 源
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-6.repo # centos6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/epel-7.repo # centos7
##
[epel]
name=EPEL for redhat/centos $releasever - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/$releasever/$basearch/
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/epel/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
腾讯 centos 源
mv /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.backup
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos6_base.repo # centos6
wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/repo/centos7_base.repo # centos7
##
[os]
name=Qcloud centos os - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[updates]
name=Qcloud centos updates - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
[extras]
name=Qcloud centos extras - $basearch
baseurl=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.cloud.tencent.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
华为 centos 源
cp -a /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo.bak
sed -i "s/#baseurl/baseurl/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
sed -i "s/mirrorlist=http/#mirrorlist=http/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
sed -i "s@http://mirror.centos.org@https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/yum.repos.d/CentOS-Base.repo
yum clean all
yum makecache
华为 epel 源
yum install https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm
sed -i "s/#baseurl/baseurl/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
sed -i "s/mirrorlist/#mirrorlist/g" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
sed -i "s@http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub@https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com@g" /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo
其他源
pmm.repo
[pmm]
baseurl = https://repo.percona.com/pmm/7/RPMS/x86_64/
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
name = PMM Server YUM repository - x86_64
pmm-laboratory.repo
[pmm-laboratory]
baseurl = https://repo.percona.com/laboratory/7/RPMS/x86_64/
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
name = PMM Server YUM repository - x86_64
epel.repo
[epel]
name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch
#baseurl=http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/7/$basearch
metalink=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch
failovermethod=priority
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7
percona-release.repo
########################################
# Percona releases and sources, stable #
########################################
[percona-release-$basearch]
name = Percona-Release YUM repository - $basearch
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/release/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
[percona-release-noarch]
name = Percona-Release YUM repository - noarch
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/release/$releasever/RPMS/noarch
enabled = 1
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
[percona-release-source]
name = Percona-Release YUM repository - Source packages
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/release/$releasever/SRPMS
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
####################################################################
# Testing & pre-release packages. You don't need it for production #
####################################################################
[percona-testing-$basearch]
name = Percona-Testing YUM repository - $basearch
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/testing/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
[percona-testing-noarch]
name = Percona-Testing YUM repository - noarch
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/testing/$releasever/RPMS/noarch
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
[percona-testing-source]
name = Percona-Testing YUM repository - Source packages
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/testing/$releasever/SRPMS
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
############################################
# Experimental packages, use with caution! #
############################################
[percona-experimental-$basearch]
name = Percona-Experimental YUM repository - $basearch
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/experimental/$releasever/RPMS/$basearch
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
[percona-experimental-noarch]
name = Percona-Experimental YUM repository - noarch
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/experimental/$releasever/RPMS/noarch
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
[percona-experimental-source]
name = Percona-Experimental YUM repository - Source packages
baseurl = http://repo.percona.com/experimental/$releasever/SRPMS
enabled = 0
gpgcheck = 1
gpgkey = file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-Percona
CentOS-Base.repo 163网易源
[base]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Base - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=os
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/os/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#released updates
[updates]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Updates - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=updates
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/updates/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that may be useful
[extras]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Extras - 163.com
#mirrorlist=http://mirrorlist.centos.org/?release=$releasever&arch=$basearch&repo=extras
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
#additional packages that extend functionality of existing packages
[centosplus]
name=CentOS-$releasever - Plus - 163.com
baseurl=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/$releasever/centosplus/$basearch/
gpgcheck=1
enabled=0
gpgkey=http://mirrors.163.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
php 源
yum install http://rpms.remirepo.net/enterprise/remi-release-7.rpm
包括php54 php70 php71 php72 php73等
Pypi 源
编辑 ~/.pip/pip.conf
mkdir ~/.pip
[global]
index-url = https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/repository/pypi/simple
trusted-host = mirrors.huaweicloud.com
timeout = 120
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