linux上的ds命令,linux-ip命令杂记

11.3 ip命令

11.3.1 ip

查看ip是由哪个rpm生成的

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -qf `which ip`

iproute-2.6.32-32.el6_5.i686

查看iproute生成的文件

[root@localhost ~]# rpm -ql iproute

/etc/iproute2

/etc/iproute2/ematch_map

/etc/iproute2/rt_dsfield

/etc/iproute2/rt_protos

/etc/iproute2/rt_realms

/etc/iproute2/rt_scopes

/etc/iproute2/rt_tables

/etc/sysconfig/cbq

/etc/sysconfig/cbq/avpkt

/etc/sysconfig/cbq/cbq-0000.example

/sbin/bridge

/sbin/cbq

/sbin/ifcfg

/sbin/ip

/sbin/rtmon

/sbin/tc

/usr/lib/tc

/usr/lib/tc/m_xt.so

/usr/sbin/arpd

/usr/sbin/lnstat

/usr/sbin/nstat

/usr/sbin/rtacct

/usr/sbin/ss

/usr/share/doc/iproute-2.6.32

/usr/share/doc/iproute-2.6.32/COPYING

/usr/share/doc/iproute-2.6.32/README

/usr/share/doc/iproute-2.6.32/README.decnet

/usr/share/doc/iproute-2.6.32/README.distribution

/usr/share/doc/iproute-2.6.32/README.iproute2+tc

/usr/share/doc/iproute-2.6.32/README.lnstat

/usr/share/man/man8/arpd.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/bridge.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/cbq.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/ifcfg.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/ip.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/lnstat.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/nstat.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/routel.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/rtacct.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/rtmon.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/ss.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-bfifo.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-cbq-details.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-cbq.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-htb.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-pfifo.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-pfifo_fast.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-prio.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-red.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-sfq.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc-tbf.8.gz

/usr/share/man/man8/tc.8.gz

/usr/share/tc

/usr/share/tc/normal.dist

/usr/share/tc/pareto.dist

/usr/share/tc/paretonormal.dist

11.3.2 ip-link

查看所有接口属性

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip link show

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

查看指定接口属性

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip link show ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP mode DEFAULT qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

关闭接口

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip link set dev lo down

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip lin show lo

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state DOWN mode DEFAULT

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

开启接口

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip link set dev lo up

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip lin show lo

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN mode DEFAULT

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

11.3.2 ip-addr

显示所有接口ip

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show

1: lo: mtu 65536 qdisc noqueue state UNKNOWN

link/loopback 00:00:00:00:00:00 brd 00:00:00:00:00:00

inet 127.0.0.1/8 scope host lo

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 ::1/128 scope host

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1018sec preferred_lft 1018sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

增加一个地址，两个地址

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr add 10.201.106.119 dev ens33

[root@CentOS7 ~]#

[root@CentOS7 ~]#

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show dev ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1654sec preferred_lft 1654sec

inet 10.201.106.119/32 scope global ens33

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

删除IP地址

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr delete 10.201.106.119/32 dev ens33

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1372sec preferred_lft 1372sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

在原有的基础上增加一个IP地址，并添加label

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr add 10.201.106.222/24 dev ens33 label 'ens33:1'

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip add show ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1151sec preferred_lft 1151sec

inet 10.201.106.222/24 scope global secondary ens33:1 #显示label

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

带label参数删除IP

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr del 10.201.106.222/24 dev ens33 label ens33:1

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1482sec preferred_lft 1482sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

只显示主地址

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show dev ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1183sec preferred_lft 1183sec

inet 10.201.106.222/24 scope global secondary ens33:3

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@CentOS7 ~]#

[root@CentOS7 ~]#

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show dev ens33 primary

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1181sec preferred_lft 1181sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

[root@CentOS7 ~]#

只显示辅助地址

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show dev ens33 secondary

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.222/24 scope global secondary ens33:3

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

根据标签清除IP地址

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr flush dev ens33 label ens33:3

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip addr show dev ens33

2: ens33: mtu 1500 qdisc pfifo_fast state UP qlen 1000

link/ether 00:0c:29:a7:7a:ec brd ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff

inet 10.201.106.130/24 brd 10.201.106.255 scope global dynamic ens33

valid_lft 1718sec preferred_lft 1718sec

inet6 fe80::20c:29ff:fea7:7aec/64 scope link

valid_lft forever preferred_lft forever

11.3.3 ip route

添加主机路由

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route add 192.168.1.3/32 via 10.201.106.2 dev ens33

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route show

default via 10.201.106.2 dev ens33 proto static metric 100

10.201.106.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.201.106.130 metric 100

192.168.1.3 via 10.201.106.2 dev ens33

添加网段路由

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route add 192.168.0.0/24 via 10.201.106.2 dev ens33

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route show dev ens33

default via 10.201.106.2 proto static metric 100

10.201.106.0/24 proto kernel scope link src 10.201.106.130 metric 100

192.168.0.0/24 via 10.201.106.2

192.168.1.3 via 10.201.106.2

删除路由

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route del 192.168.1.3

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route list

default via 10.201.106.2 dev ens33 proto static metric 100

10.201.106.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.201.106.130 metric 100

192.168.0.0/24 via 10.201.106.2 dev ens33

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route del 192.168.0.0/24

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route list

default via 10.201.106.2 dev ens33 proto static metric 100

10.201.106.0/24 dev ens33 proto kernel scope link src 10.201.106.130 metric 100

添加默认路由

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ip route add default via 10.201.106.102

[root@CentOS7 ~]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

0.0.0.0 10.201.106.102 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 ens33

0.0.0.0 10.201.106.2 0.0.0.0 UG 100 0 0 ens33

10.201.106.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 100 0 0 ens33

清空所有路由表

ip route flush

11.3.4 ss

显示所有TCP进程，以端口号显示

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -tan

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:*

LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:*

ESTAB 0 0 10.201.106.130:22 10.201.106.1:49530

ESTAB 0 0 10.201.106.130:22 10.201.106.1:49506

LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::*

LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*

显示已连接状态的TCP连接

[root@CentOS7 ~]# ss -tan state ESTABLISHED

Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

0 52 10.201.106.130:22 10.201.106.1:49530

0 0 10.201.106.130:22 10.201.106.1:49506

配置文件配置网络

ifcfg-eth0配置

[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

DEVICE=eth0

# If you're having problems with gated making 127.0.0.0/8 a martian,

# you can change this to something else (255.255.255.255, for example)

ONBOOT="yes"

TYPE="Ethernet"

NM_CONTROLLED="yes"

BOOTPROTO="static"

IPADDR=10.201.106.250

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY=10.201.106.2

配置文件配置路由条目(1)

[root@zabbix network-scripts]# vim route-eth0

192.168.0.0/24 via 10.201.106.2

[root@zabbix network-scripts]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

10.201.106.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

192.168.0.0 10.201.106.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0

0.0.0.0 10.201.106.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

配置文件配置路由条目(2)

[root@zz network-scripts]# vim route-eth0

ADDRESS0=192.168.20.0

NETMASK0=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY0=10.201.106.2

ADDRESS1=192.168.30.0

NETMASK1=255.255.255.0

GATEWAY1=10.201.106.2

[root@zz network-scripts]# service network restart

Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]

Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface eth0:

Determining IP information for eth0... done.

ipcalc: bad IPv4 address: 192.168.3330.0

Error: an inet prefix is expected rather than "192.168.3330.0/24".

[ OK ]

[root@zz network-scripts]# vim route-eth0

[root@zz network-scripts]# service network restart

Shutting down interface eth0: [ OK ]

Shutting down loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up loopback interface: [ OK ]

Bringing up interface eth0:

Determining IP information for eth0... done.

[ OK ]

[root@zz network-scripts]#

[root@zz network-scripts]#

[root@zz network-scripts]#

[root@zz network-scripts]# route -n

Kernel IP routing table

Destination Gateway Genmask Flags Metric Ref Use Iface

192.168.20.0 10.201.106.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

10.201.106.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.0 U 0 0 0 eth0

192.168.30.0 10.201.106.2 255.255.255.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

169.254.0.0 0.0.0.0 255.255.0.0 U 1002 0 0 eth0

0.0.0.0 10.201.106.2 0.0.0.0 UG 0 0 0 eth0

ifcfg配置多地址

[root@zz network-scripts]# ifconfig eth0:1 192.168.0.22/24 up

[root@zz network-scripts]# ifconfig

eth0 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:4E:AF:24

inet addr:10.201.106.128 Bcast:10.201.106.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe4e:af24/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:2221 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:1851 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:204895 (200.0 KiB) TX bytes:278337 (271.8 KiB)

eth0:1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:4E:AF:24

inet addr:192.168.0.22 Bcast:192.168.0.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

lo Link encap:Local Loopback

inet addr:127.0.0.1 Mask:255.0.0.0

inet6 addr: ::1/128 Scope:Host

UP LOOPBACK RUNNING MTU:65536 Metric:1

RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:0

RX bytes:0 (0.0 b) TX bytes:0 (0.0 b)

[root@zz network-scripts]#

[root@zz network-scripts]# ping 192.168.0.22

PING 192.168.0.22 (192.168.0.22) 56(84) bytes of data.

64 bytes from 192.168.0.22: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=1.05 ms

64 bytes from 192.168.0.22: icmp_seq=2 ttl=64 time=0.339 ms

配置文件添加别名网卡地址

cp ifcfg-eth0 ifcfg-eth0:1

[root@zz network-scripts]# vim ifcfg-eth0:1

DEVICE=eth0:1

HWADDR=00:0C:29:4E:AF:24

TYPE=Ethernet

UUID=a493b909-229d-4a02-b1b5-ebbb51d16983

ONBOOT=yes

NM_CONTROLLED=yes

BOOTPROTO="static"

IPADDR=192.168.0.22

NETMASK=255.255.255.0

DNS1=10.201.106.2

tui

setup调用 network configuration

更改主机名

[root@zz network-scripts]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network

NETWORKING=yes #网络总开关，网络不通先确认该项有没打开

HOSTNAME=zabbix.localdomain

将eth0改为eth1

[root@zz ~]# cd /etc/udev/rules.d/

vim 70-persistent-net.rules

SUBSYSTEM=="net", ACTION=="add", DRIVERS=="?*", ATTR{address}=="00:0c:29:4e:af:24", ATTR{type}=="1", KERNEL=="eth*", NAME="eth1 #改为eth1

[root@zz rules.d]# lsmod #查看网卡

[root@zz rules.d]# modprobe -r e1000 #卸载网卡

[root@zz rules.d]# modprobe e1000 #加载网卡

[root@zz ~]# service network restart #重启网络服务

[root@zz ~]# ifconfig -a

eth1 Link encap:Ethernet HWaddr 00:0C:29:4E:AF:24

inet addr:10.201.106.128 Bcast:10.201.106.255 Mask:255.255.255.0

inet6 addr: fe80::20c:29ff:fe4e:af24/64 Scope:Link

UP BROADCAST RUNNING MULTICAST MTU:1500 Metric:1

RX packets:350 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0

TX packets:305 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0

collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000

RX bytes:34875 (34.0 KiB) TX bytes:65070 (63.5 KiB)